Califfo: differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 18:22, 25 giu 2005

Versione delle 18:36, 25 giu 2005

Riga 9:

I Califfati furono diversi. I primi quattro "Successori dell'Inviato di Dio" furono:

#[[Abu Bakr|Abū Bakr]] ([[632]] - [[634]])

#[[‘Omar'Omar ibn al-Khattàb|‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb]] ([[634]] - [[644]])

#[[‘Othmàn'Othmàn ibn ‘Affàn|‘Uthmān ibn ‘Affān]] ([[644]] - [[656]])

#[[‘Ali'Ali ibn Abi Tàlib|‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib]] ([[656]] - [[661]])

I califfi della dinastia [[Omayyadi|omayyade]] sufianidesufyanide di [[Siria]] furono:

#[[Mu‘àwiyaMu'àwiya ibn Abi Sufyàn|Mu‘āwiya ibn Abī Sufyān]] ([[661]] - [[680]])

#[[Yazìd ibn Mu‘àwiya|Yazīd ibn Mu‘āwiya]] ([[680]] - [[683]])

# Mu‘àwiya[[Mu'àwiya II ibn Yazìd|Mu‘āwiya ibn Yazīd]] ([[683]] - [[684]])

I califfi della dinastia omayyade marwanide [[di Siria] furono:

#[[Marwàn ibn al-Hàkam|Marwān ibn al-Hakam]] ([[684]] - [[685]])

#[[‘Abd'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwàn|‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwān]] ([[685]] - [[705]])

#[[al-Walìd ibn 'Abd al-Malik|al-Walīd ibn ‘Abd al-Malik]] ([[705]] - [[715]])

#[[Sulaymàn ibn 'Abd al-Malik|Sulaymān ibn ‘Abd al-Malik]] ([[715]] - [[717]])

#[[‘Omar'Omar II ibn 'Abd al-'Azìz|‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azìz‘Azīz]] ([[717]] - [[720]])

#[[Yazìd II ibn 'Abd al-Malik|Yazīd ibn ‘Abd al-Malik]] ([[720]] - [[724]])

#[[Hishàm ibn 'Abd al-Malik|Hishām ibn ‘Abd al-Malik]] ([[724]] - [[743]])

#[[al-Walìd II ibn Yazìd II|al-Walīd ibnm Yazīd]] ([[743]] - [[744]])

#[[Yazìd III ibn al-Walìd ibn ‘Abd al-Malik|Yazīd ibn al-Walīd ibn Yazīd]] ([[744]])

#[[Ibrahìm ibn al-Walìd ibn ‘Abd'Abd al-Malik|Ibrāhīm ibn al-Walīd ibn Yazīd]] ([[744]])

#[[Marwàn II]] ibn Muhammad ibn Marwàn|Marwān ibn al-HàkamMuhammad ibn Marwān]] ([[744]] - [[750]])

Da un nipote di HishàmHishām ibn ‘Abd al-Malik, [[‘Abd'Abd al-Rahmàn ibn Mu‘àwiya]]Mu'àwiya|‘Abd al-Rahmān ibn HishàmMu‘āwiya]], si diparte la dinastia omayyade di [[al-Andalus]].

I califfi della dinastia [[abbaside]] furono:

# [[Abu al-Abbās al-Saffāh]] ([[750]]-[[754]])

# [[al-Mansur|al-Mansūr]] ([[754]]-[[775]])

# [[al-MahdiMahdī ]] ([[775]]-[[785]])

# [[al-Hādī ]] ([[785]]-[[786]])

# [[Hārūn al-Rashīd]] ([[786]]-[[809]])

# [[al-Amīn]] ([[809]]-[[813]])

# [[al-Ma'mMa’mūn]] ([[813]]-[[833]])

# [[al-Mu‘tasim]] ([[833]]-[[842]])

# [[al-Wāthiq]] ([[842]]-[[847]])

Riga 48:

# [[al-Musta‘īn]] ([[862]]-[[866]])

# [[al-Mu‘tazz]] ([[866]]-[[869]])

# [[al-Muhtadī ]] ([[869]]-[[870]])

# [[al-Mu‘tamid]] ([[870]]-[[892]])

# [[al-Mu‘tadid]] ([[892]]-[[902]])

# [[al-Muktafī ]] ([[902]]-[[908]])

# [[al-Muqtadir]] ([[908]]-[[932]])

# [[al-Qāhir]] ([[932]]-[[934]])

# [[al-Rādī ]] ([[934]]-[[940]])

# [[al-Muttaqī ]] ([[940]]-[[944]])

# [[al-Mustakfī ]] ([[944]]-[[946]])

# [[al-Mutī ‘ ]] ([[946]]-[[974]])

# [[al-Tā’ī ‘ ]] ([[974]]-[[991]])

# [[al-Qādir]] ([[991]]-[[1031]])

# [[al-Qā’im]] ([[1031]]-[[1075]])

# [[al-Muqtadī ]] ([[1075]]-[[1094]])

# [[al-Mustazhir]] ([[1094]]-[[1118]])

# [[al-Mustarshid]] ([[1118]]-[[1135]])

# [[al-Rāshid]] ([[1135]]-[[1136]])

# [[al-Muqtafī ]] ([[1136]]-[[1160]])

# [[al-Mustanjid]] ([[1160]]-[[1170]])

# [[al-Mustadī ’ ]] ([[1170]]-[[1180]])

# [[al-Nāsir]] ([[1180]]-[[1225]])

# [[al-Zāhir]] ([[1225]]-[[1226]])