Models of neural computation: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:41, 26 September 2016

Revision as of 00:47, 26 September 2016

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===Feedback and control: models of flight control in the fly===

Flight control in the fly is believed to be mediated by inputs from the visual system and also the [[halteres]], a pair of knob-like organs which measure angular velocity. Integrated computer models of ''[[Drosophila]]'', short on neuronal circuitry but based on the general guidelines given by [[control theory]] and data from the tethered flights of flies, have been constructed to investigate the details of flight control.<ref>[{{cite web|url=http://strawlab.org/2011/03/23/grand-unified-fly/]|title=the Grand Unified Fly (GUF) model|publisher=}}</ref>[<ref>http://www.mendeley.com/download/public/2464051/3652638122/d3bd7957efd2c8a011afb0687dfb6943731cb6d0/dl.pdf]</ref>

==Software modelling approaches and tools==

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===Genetic algorithms===

[[Genetic algorithms]] are used to evolve neural (and sometimes body) properties in a model brain-body-environment system so as to exhibit some desired behavioral performance. The evolved agents can then be subjected to a detailed analysis to uncover their principles of operation. Evolutionary approaches are particularly useful for exploring spaces of possible solutions to a given behavioral task because these approaches minimize a priori assumptions about how a given behavior ought to be instantiated. They can also be useful for exploring different ways to complete a computational neuroethology model when only partial neural circuitry is available for a biological system of interest.<ref>[{{cite journal|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Computational_neuroethology]|title=Computational neuroethology|first1=Randall|last1=Beer|first2=Hillel|last2=Chiel|date=4 March 2008|publisher=|volume=3|issue=3|doi=10.4249/scholarpedia.5307}}</ref>

===MATLAB===

[[MATLAB]] is a programming environment that is used globally in virtually all neuroscience and cognitive psychology laboratories.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100312120040/http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/bookdescription.cws_home/716634/description#descriptiontitle MATLAB FOR NEUROSCIENTISTS]</ref> MATLAB integrates the modelling and experimental processes by bringing together, under the aegis of an intuitive [[scripting language]], powerful data analysis and mathematical modelling tools.

===NEURON===

NEURON, developed at Duke University, is a simulation environment for modeling individual neurons and networks of neurons.<ref>[{{cite web|url=http://www.neuron.yale.edu/neuron/]|title=NEURON - for empirically-based simulations of neurons and networks of neurons|publisher=}}</ref> With the NEURON interface, it is possible to generate publication-quality results without having to write any program code at all. The NEURON simulation engine is based on a Hodgkin–Huxley type model with a Borg–Graham formulation.

==Embodiment in electronic hardware==

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Nervous systems differ from the majority of silicon-based computing devices in that they resemble [[analog computer]]s (not [[digital data]] processors) and massively [[parallel computing|parallel]] processors, not [[von Neumann architecture|sequential]] processors. To model nervous systems accurately, in real-time, alternative hardware is required.

The most realistic circuits to date make use of [[analogue electronics|analog]] properties of existing [[digital electronics]] (operated under non-standard conditions) to realize Hodgkin–Huxley-type models ''in silico''.<ref>L. Alvadoa, J. Tomasa, S. Saghia, S. Renauda, T. Balb, A. Destexheb, G. Le Masson, 2004. Hardware computation of conductance-based neuron models. Neurocomputing 58–60 (2004) 109 – 115</ref><ref>[{{cite journal|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Silicon_neurons]|title=Silicon neurons|first1=Giacomo|last1=Indiveri|first2=Rodney|last2=Douglas|first3=Leslie|last3=Smith|date=29 March 2008|publisher=|volume=3|issue=3|doi=10.4249/scholarpedia.1887}}</ref>

===Retinomorphic chips===

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==See also==

{{div col|3}}

*[[Cognitive architecture]]

*[[Cognitive map]]

*[[Computational neuroscience]]

*[[Motion perception]]

*[[Neural coding]]

*[[Neural correlate]]

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*[[Neuroethology]]

*[[Neuroinformatics]]

*[[Motion perception]]

*[[Systems neuroscience]]

*[[Spiking neural network]]

*[[Systems neuroscience]]

{{div col end}}

==References==