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==Product Knowledge==
'''Product knowledge''' has been fairly studied and a number of modeling techniques have been developed. Most of them are tailored to specific products or specific aspects of the design activities. For example, [[geometric modeling]] is used mainly for supporting detailed design, while [[knowledge modeling]] is working for supporting conceptual designs. Based on these techniques, a design repository project at [[NIST]] attempts to model three fundamental facets of an artifact representation:<ref>S. Szykman, R.D. Sriram, W. Regli, The role of knowledge in next generation product development systems, ASME Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 1 (1) (2001) 3–11.</ref><ref>S. Szykman, Architecture and implementation of a design repository system, in: Proceedings of ASME DETC2002, 2002, Paper No. DETC2002/CIE-34463.</ref> the physical layout of the artifact (form), an indication of the overall effect that the artifact creates (function), and a causal account of the operation of the artifact (behavior). The recent NIST research effort towards the development of the basic foundations of the next generation of [[Computer-aided design|CAD]] systems suggested a core representation for design information called the '''NIST core product model''' (CPM) <ref>S.J. Fenves, A core product model for representing design information, [[National Institute of Standards and Technology|NIST]]<span title="Interagency Report">IR</span> 6736, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, 2001.</ref> and a set of derived models defined as extensions of the CPM (e.g.<ref>X.F. Zha, R.D. Sriram, Feature-based component model for design of embedded system, in: B. Gopalakrishnan (Ed.), Intelligent Systems in Design and Manufacturing, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5605, SPIE, Bellingham, WA, vol. V, 2004, pp. 226–237.</ref><ref>R. Sudarsan, Y.H. Han, S.C. Feng, U. Roy, F. Wang, R.D. Sriram, K. Lyons, Object-oriented representation of electro-mechanical assemblies using UML, NISTIR 7057, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, 2003.</ref>). The NIST core product model has been developed to unify and integrate product or assembly information. The CPM
provides a base-level product model that is: not tied to any vendor software; open; non-proprietary; expandable; independent of any one product development process; capable of capturing the engineering context that is most commonly shared in product development activities. The core model focuses on artifact representation including function, form, behavior, material, physical and functional decompositions, and relationships among these concepts. The [[entity-relationship]] data model influences the model heavily; accordingly, it consists of two sets of classes, called object and relationship, equivalent to the [[Unified Modeling Language|UML]] class and association class, respectively.
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