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CAC encompasses a variety of methods. Influencing behaviour through: laws, incentives, threats, contracts and agreements. In CAC, there is a perception of a problem and the solution for its control is developed and subsequently implemented.<ref name="holling">Holling, C., Meffe, G. (1996) Command and Control an the Pathology of Natural Resource Management. "Conservation Biology. 10: 2. pp. 328-337."</ref>
In the case of environmental policy and regulation, the CAC approach strongly relies on the use of standards to ensure the improvements in the quality of the environment. The CAC approach uses three main types of standards. These are ambient standards, emission standards, and technology standards. Although these standards can be used individually, it is also possible to use the standards in combination. In fact, in most pollution control programs, it is the case where there is a combination of standards being implemented. <ref>{{cite book|last1=Field|first1=Barry|last2=Field|first2=Martha|title=Environmental economics: An introduction|date=2017|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|___location=New York, NY}}</ref>
Although environmental policy has a long history, a proliferation of policy making in this area occurred in the 1970s and continued to today. The CAC approach dominated policy in industrial nations during this decade because the general focus was on that of remedial policies rather than more comprehensive prevention techniques.<ref name="bocher">Bocher, M. (2011) A theorectical framework for explaining the choice of instruments in environmental policy. "Forest Policy and Economics'. Elsevier</ref> Whilst many view CAC negatively, direct regulatory control is still used in many countries' environmental policy.<ref name="bocher"/>
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