Al-Qata'i': differenze tra le versioni

Versione delle 23:48, 15 ott 2015

Versione delle 15:24, 16 ott 2015

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== Storia ==

Al-Qaṭāʾiʿ ("I quartieri") fu voluta da [[Ahmad ibn Tulun]] quando fu inviato in Egitto dal califfo abbaside per assumerne il governo nell'[[868]]. Ibn Tulun arrivò con una cospicua compagine militare, troppo numerosa per essere alloggiata ad al-ʿAskar. La nuova capitale fu fondata attorno al Giabal Yashkhur, una collina a NE dei precedenti insediamenti, che una leggenda islamica indicava come punto di approdo dell'[[Arca di Noè]] dopo il [[Diluvio Universale]].<!--

Al-Qata'i was modelled to some degree after [[Abbasid Samarra|Samarra]] in [[Iraq]], where Ibn Tulun had undergone military training. Samarra was a city of sections, each designated for a particular social stratum or subgroup. Likewise, certain areas of al-Qata'i were allocated to officers, civil servants, specific military corps, Greeks, guards, policemen, camel drivers, and slaves.<ref>Al-Maqrizi, ''Khitat'' I, pp 315–317</ref> The new city was not intended to replace Fustat, which was a thriving market town, but rather to serve as an expansion of it. Many of the government officials continued to reside in Fustat.

Al-Qaṭāʾiʿ fu costruita poco tempo dopo la nuova capitale abbaside di [[Samarra]] ([[Iraq]]), dove Ibn Tulun aveva ricevuto il suo addestramento militare. Samarra era una città a sezioni (un po' come i nostri [[quartieri]]), ognuno progettato per una particolare classe o gruppo sociale. Certe aree di al-Qaṭāʾiʿ furono assegnate in tal modo a ufficiali dell'esercito tulunide, funzionari civili, specifici gruppi militari, Greci, guardie, agenti di polizia (''shurṭa''), conducenti di [[dromedari]] e schiavi.<ref>[[Al-Maqrizi]], ''Khiṭaṭ'' I, pp 315–317</ref> La nuova città non mirava a soppiantare Fusṭaṭ, che era una città assai vivace commercialmente e produttiva di ricchezza, quanto piuttosto costituiva un'estensione dell'antica capitale abbaside di al-ʿAskar. In effetti, numerosi funzionari seguitarono a risiedere nella funzionale Fusṭaṭ.

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The focal point of al-Qata'i was the large [[Mosque of Ibn Tulun|ceremonial mosque]], named for Ibn Tulun, which is still the largest [[mosque]] in terms of area in Cairo. Among other architectural features, the mosque is noted for its use of [[Ogive#Architecture|pointed arches]] two centuries before they appeared in European architecture. The historian [[al-Maqrizi]] reported that a new mosque had to be built because the existing ceremonial mosque in Fustat, named for Amr ibn al-A'as, could not accommodate Ibn Tulun's personal regiment at the [[Friday prayer]]. Ibn Tulun's palace, the Dar al-Imara ("House of the Emir") was built adjacent to the mosque and a private door allowed the governor direct access to the pulpit, or [[minbar]]. The palace faced a large parade ground and park, featuring gardens and a hippodrome.

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After the founding of al-Qahira in 969, Fustat/al-Askar and al-Qahira eventually grew together, building over the remains of the Tulunid capital and incorporating the Mosque of Ibn Tulun into the new urban landscape.

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== Note ==

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