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Optical transistors can be directly linked to [[Optical fiber cable|fiber-optic cables]] whereas electronics requires coupling via [[photodetectors]] and [[LEDs]] or [[lasers]]. The more natural integration of all-optical signal processors with fiber-optics would reduce the complexity and delay in the routing and other processing of signals in optical communication networks.
It remains questionable whether optical processing can reduce the energy required to switch a single transistor to be less than that for electronic transistors. To realistically compete, transistors requiring a few tens of photons per operation are required. It is clear, however, that this is achievable in proposed single-photon transistors<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.063601| title = Single-Photon Transistor in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics| journal = Physical Review Letters| volume = 111| issue = 6| year = 2013| last1 = Neumeier | first1 = L. | last2 = Leib | first2 = M. | last3 = Hartmann | first3 = M. J. | bibcode=2013PhRvL.111f3601N | pmid=23971573 | page=063601}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.013812| title = Single-photon transistor using microtoroidal resonators| journal = Physical Review A| volume = 78| year = 2008| last1 = Hong | first1 = F. Y. | last2 = Xiong | first2 = S. J. }}</ref> for quantum information processing.
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* [[electromagnetically induced transparency]]
** in an [[optical cavity]] or microresonator, where the transmission is controlled by a weaker flux of gate photons<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.1238169| pmid = 23828886| title = All-Optical Switch and Transistor Gated by One Stored Photon| journal = Science| volume = 341| issue = 6147| pages = 768–70| year = 2013| last1 = Chen | first1 = W.| last2 = Beck | first2 = K. M.| last3 = Bucker | first3 = R.| last4 = Gullans | first4 = M.| last5 = Lukin | first5 = M. D.| last6 = Tanji-Suzuki | first6 = H.| last7 = Vuletic | first7 = V.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1364/JOSAB.30.001329| title = Microresonator-based all-optical transistor| journal = Journal of the Optical Society of America B| volume = 30| issue = 5| pages = 1329| year = 2013| last1 = Clader | first1 = B. D.| last2 = Hendrickson | first2 = S. M.}}</ref>
** in free space, i.e., without a resonator, by addressing strongly interacting [[Rydberg state]]s<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.053601| title = Single-Photon Transistor Mediated by Interstate Rydberg Interactions| journal = Physical Review Letters| volume = 113| issue = 5| year = 2014| last1 = Gorniaczyk | first1 = H.| last2 = Tresp | first2 = C.| last3 = Schmidt | first3 = J.| last4 = Fedder | first4 = H.| last5 = Hofferberth | first5 = S. | bibcode=2014PhRvL.113e3601G | pmid=25126918 | page=053601}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.053602| title = Single-Photon Transistor Using a Förster Resonance| journal = Physical Review Letters| volume = 113| issue = 5| year = 2014| last1 = Tiarks | first1 = D. | last2 = Baur | first2 = S. | last3 = Schneider | first3 = K. | last4 = Dürr | first4 = S. | last5 = Rempe | first5 = G. | bibcode=2014PhRvL.113e3602T}}</ref>
* a system of indirect [[exciton]]s (composed of bound pairs of [[electrons]] and [[electron hole|holes]] in double [[quantum well]]s with a static [[Electric dipole moment|dipole moment]]). Indirect excitons, which are created by light and decay to emit light, strongly interact due to their dipole alignment.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1063/1.4866855| title = Optically controlled excitonic transistor| journal = Applied Physics Letters| volume = 104| issue = 9| pages = 091101| year = 2014| last1 = Andreakou | first1 = P.| last2 = Poltavtsev | first2 = S. V.| last3 = Leonard | first3 = J. R.| last4 = Calman | first4 = E. V.| last5 = Remeika | first5 = M.| last6 = Kuznetsova | first6 = Y. Y.| last7 = Butov | first7 = L. V.| last8 = Wilkes | first8 = J.| last9 = Hanson | first9 = M.| last10 = Gossard | first10 = A. C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1364/OL.35.001587| pmid = 20479817| title = All-optical excitonic transistor| journal = Optics Letters| volume = 35| issue = 10| pages = 1587–9| year = 2010| last1 = Kuznetsova | first1 = Y. Y.| last2 = Remeika | first2 = M.| last3 = High | first3 = A. A.| last4 = Hammack | first4 = A. T.| last5 = Butov | first5 = L. V.| last6 = Hanson | first6 = M.| last7 = Gossard | first7 = A. C.}}</ref>
* a system of microcavity polaritons ([[exciton-polaritons]] inside an [[optical microcavity]]) where, similar to exciton-based optical transistors, [[polariton]]s facilitate effective interactions between photons<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/ncomms2734| pmid = 23653190| title = All-optical polariton transistor| journal = Nature Communications| volume = 4| pages = 1778| year = 2013| last1 = Ballarini | first1 = D.| last2 = De Giorgi | first2 = M.| last3 = Cancellieri | first3 = E.| last4 = Houdré | first4 = R.| last5 = Giacobino | first5 = E.| last6 = Cingolani | first6 = R.| last7 = Bramati | first7 = A.| last8 = Gigli | first8 = G.| last9 = Sanvitto | first9 = D.
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