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→Counter parallel: {| class="wikitable" |colspan=3|'''Major''' |colspan=3|'''Minor''' |- |''Contrast'' |''Note letter in C'' |''Name'' |''Contrast'' |''Note letter in C'' |''Name'' |- |Tl (Tcp) |E minor |Mediant |tL (tCp) |A{{music|flat}} major |Subme |
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[[Image:Tonic counter parallel in C major.png|thumb|Tonic and tonic counter parallel in C major: CM and Em chords {{audio|Tonic counter parallel in C major.mid|Play}}.]]
[[Image:Tonic counter parallel in C minor.png|thumb|Tonic and tonic counter parallel in C minor: Cm and A{{music|b}}M chords {{audio|Tonic counter parallel in C minor.mid|Play}}.]]
[[Image:Contrast chord example.png|thumb|Contrast chord example {{audio|Contrast chord example.mid|Play}}: C major and E minor contrast through their respective notes C and B (in red and orange), each a half step apart or leading tones. The chords share two notes (in blue) however.]]
The '''counter parallel''' or '''contrast chord''' is terminology used in German theory derived mainly from Hugo Riemann to refer to (US:) [[relative (music)|relative]] (German: parallel) [[diatonic function]]s and is abbreviated Tcp in major and tCp in minor (Tkp respectively tKp in Riemann's diction). The chord can be seen as the "[[tonic parallel]] reversed" and is in a major key the same chord as the [[dominant parallel]] (Dp) and in a minor key equal to the [[subdominant parallel]] (sP); yet, it has another function. According to Riemann the chord is derived through '''''Leittonwechselklänge''''' (German: "[[leading-tone]] contrast chords"), abbreviated Tl in major and tL in minor.
{| class="wikitable"
|colspan=3|'''Major'''
|colspan=3|'''Minor'''
|-
|''Contrast''
|''Note letter in C''
|''Name''
|''Contrast''
|''Note letter in C''
|''Name''
|-
|Tl (Tcp)
|E minor
|Mediant
|tL (tCp)
|A{{music|flat}} major
|Submediant
|-
|Sl (Scp)
|A minor
|Submediant
|sL (sCp)
|D{{music|flat}} major
|Supertonic
|-
|Dl (Dcp)
|B minor
|Leading-tone
|dL (dCp)
|E{{music|flat}} major
|Mediant
|}
[[Image:Major Leittonwechselklänge.png|400px|Major Leittonwechselklänge]]
:Major Leittonwechselklänge, formed by lowering the [[root (chord)|root]] a half step.
[[Image:Minor Leittonwechselklänge.png|400px|Minor Leittonwechselklänge]]
:Minor Leittonwechselklänge, formed by raising the root (US)/fifth (German) a half step.
If chords may be formed by raising (major) or lowering (minor) the fifth a whole step [ [[parallel chord|parallel]] or relative chords], they may also be formed by lowering (major) or raising (minor) the root a [[half-step]] to ''wechsel'', the [[leading tone]] or ''leitton''. These chords are ''Leittonwechselklänge'' (literally: "leading-tone changing sounds"), sometimes called '''''gegenklang''''' or "contrast chord". <ref name="Gjerdingen">Gjerdingen, Robert O. (1990). "A Guide to the Terminology of German Harmony", Studies in the Origin of Harmonic Tonality by Dahlhaus, Carl, trans. Gjerdingen (1990). Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09135-8.</ref>
For example, Am is the tonic parallel of C, thus, Em is the counter parallel of C. The usual parallel chord in a major key is a minor third below the root and the counter parallel is a major third above. In a minor key the intervals are reversed: the tonic parallel (e.g. Eb in Cm) is a minor third above, and the counter parallel (e.g. Ab in Cm) is a major third below. Both the parallel and the counter parallel have two notes in common with the [[Tonic (music)|tonic]] (Am and C share C & E; Em and C share E & G).
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