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:Minor Leittonwechselklänge, formed by raising the root (US)/fifth (German) a half step.
If chords may be formed by raising (major) or lowering (minor) the fifth a whole step [ [[parallel chord|parallel]] or relative chords], they may also be formed by lowering (major) or raising (minor) the root a [[half-step]] to ''wechsel'', the [[leading tone]] or ''leitton''. These chords are ''Leittonwechselklänge'' (literally: "leading-tone changing sounds"), sometimes called '''''gegenklang''''' or "contrast chord". <ref name="Gjerdingen">Gjerdingen, Robert O. (1990). "A Guide to the Terminology of German Harmony", Studies in the Origin of Harmonic Tonality by Dahlhaus, Carl, trans. Gjerdingen (1990), p.xiii. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09135-8.</ref>
For example, Am is the tonic parallel of C, thus, Em is the counter parallel of C. The usual parallel chord in a major key is a minor third below the root and the counter parallel is a major third above. In a minor key the intervals are reversed: the tonic parallel (e.g. Eb in Cm) is a minor third above, and the counter parallel (e.g. Ab in Cm) is a major third below. Both the parallel and the counter parallel have two notes in common with the [[Tonic (music)|tonic]] (Am and C share C & E; Em and C share E & G).
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