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One reason for the lack of compatibility with many international environmental agreements is the manner in which the international community is organised. International law cannot be implemented in the same way as law at national level.<ref name="hunter">Hunter, D., Salzman, J., Zaelke, D. (2002) International Environmental Law and Policy. New York: Foundation Press</ref> Given that the CAC approach relies heavily on prohibiting certain activities and then enforcing it through sanctions makes the scaling-up to international level problematic. Without a strong international enforcement body it is unlikely that CAC will be an effective tool for dealing with most transboundary environmental issues, climate change included.<ref name="downie"/>
===The future of CAC in environmental policy===
The international nature of many contemporary environmental issues makes CAC regulatory approaches difficult. Since the 1970s enthusiasm for the implementation of economic incentives for regulation has been on the increase. This is due, in part, to the disenchantment with command and control.<ref name="handm">Harrington, W., Morgenstern, R. (2004) Economic Instruments versus Command and Control. ''Resources. pp. 13-17.''</ref> The shift away from CAC does not seem to be slowing, the increased participation of a variety of actors may be the answer. The role of environmental [[NGOs]] in policy making has changed drastically in recent decades. Their numbers and the influence they exert over national governments and negotiations at international level has risen.<ref name="mc"/> The involvement of NGOs has assisted the development of international policy in a number of ways. A great deal of environmental policy has been influenced by research collected by these organisations. They also act as whistleblowers, updating the regulators of progress and compliance. A blend of different approaches, involving a range of actors and regulatory types may be the best answer. However, it is likely that many governments will persist with CAC because of the political benefits and the fact that it is not always as inflexible and inefficient as many economists would suggest.<ref name="mc">McCormick, J. (1999) The Role of Environmental NGOs in International Regimes. ''In: Vig, N., Axelrod, R. (Eds.) The Global Environment: Institutions, Laws and Policy.'' UK: Earthscan.</ref>
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