Human performance modeling: Difference between revisions

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The law presently known as 'steering law' in the context of human-computer interaction was originally discovered (theoretically and empirically) by famous HF & E practitioner C.G. Drury, back in 1971 for linear paths and later on to curved paths.
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==== Pointing ====
Pointing at stationary targets such as buttons, windows, images, menu items, and controls on computer displays is commonplace and has a well-established modeling tool for analysis - [[Fitts's law|Fitt's law]] (Fitts, 1954) - which states that the time to make an aimed movement (MT) is a linear function of the index of difficulty of the movement: '''''MT = a + bID'''''. The index of difficulty (ID) for any given movement is a function of the ratio of distance to the target (D) and width of the target (W): '''''ID =''''' '''log<sub>2</sub>''(2D/W) -''''' a relationship derivable from [[information theory]].<ref name=":1" /> Fitt's law is actually responsible for the ubiquity of the computer [[Mouse (computing)|mouse]], due to the research of Card, English, and Burr (1978). Extensions of Fitt's law also apply to pointing at spatially moving targets, via the ''[[steering law]]'' (, originally discovered by C.G. Drury in 1971<ref>{{Cite journal|last=DRURY|first=C. G.|date=1971-03-01|title=Movements with Lateral Constraint|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140137108931246|journal=Ergonomics|volume=14|issue=2|pages=293–305|doi=10.1080/00140137108931246|issn=0014-0139|pmid=5093722}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Drury|first=C. G.|last2=Daniels|first2=E. B.|date=1975-07-01|title=Performance Limitations in Laterally Constrained Movements|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140137508931472|journal=Ergonomics|volume=18|issue=4|pages=389–395|doi=10.1080/00140137508931472|issn=0014-0139}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4309061/?reload=true|title=Self-Paced Path Control as an Optimization Task - IEEE Xplore Document|website=ieeexplore.ieee.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-02}}</ref>and later on rediscovered in the context of human-computer interaction by Accott & Zhai, (1997, 1999)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Accot|first=Johnny|last2=Zhai|first2=Shumin|date=1997-01-01|title=Beyond Fitts' Law: Models for Trajectory-based HCI Tasks|url=http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/258549.258760|journal=Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems|series=CHI '97|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=295–302|doi=10.1145/258549.258760|isbn=0897918029}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Accot|first=Johnny|last2=Zhai|first2=Shumin|date=1999-01-01|title=Performance Evaluation of Input Devices in Trajectory-based Tasks: An Application of the Steering Law|url=http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/302979.303133|journal=Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems|series=CHI '99|___location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=466–472|doi=10.1145/302979.303133|isbn=0201485591}}</ref>.
 
==== [[Control theory|Manual Control Theory]] ====