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Card sorting uses a relatively low-tech approach. The person conducting the test (usability analyst, user experience designer, etc.) first identifies key concepts and writes them on [[index card]]s or [[Post-it note]]s. Test subjects, individually or sometimes as a group, then arrange the cards to represent how they see the structure and relationships of the information.<ref name="Nielsen 1995" >{{cite web
|title=Card Sorting to Discover the Users' Model of the Information Space
|website=Nielsen Norman Group
|url=http://www.useit.com/papers/sun/cardsort.html
|first=Jakob|last=Nielsen
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Groups can be organized as collaborative groups ([[focus groups]]) or as repeated individual sorts. The literature discusses appropriate numbers of users needed to produce trustworthy results.<ref name="Nielsen 2004" >{{cite web
|title=Card Sorting: How Many Users to Test
|website=Nielsen Norman Group
|url=http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20040719.html
|first=Jakob|last=Nielsen
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}}</ref>
A card sort is commonly undertaken when designing a navigation structure for an environment that offers a variety of content and functions, such as a web site.<ref name="Boxes and Arrows"
|url=http://boxesandarrows.com/card-sorting-a-definitive-guide/
|title=Card sorting: a definitive guide
|website=Boxes and Arrows
|date=April 7, 2004
|first1=Donna|last1=Maurer|first2=Todd|last2=Warfel
}}</ref><ref name="uk.net.web.authoring" >{{cite newsgroup
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|url=http://www.syntagm.co.uk/design/cardsort.shtml
|publisher=Syntagm Ltd.
}}{{dead link|date=April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Head First Web Design" >{{cite book
|last1=Watrall |first1=Ethan |last2=Siarto |first2=Jeff
|title=Head First Web Design
|url={{google books|FMYCsT-cZDUC|plainurl=yes}}
|chapter=Organizing Your Site: ‘So you take a left at the green water tower…’
|chapter-url={{google books|FMYCsT-cZDUC|page=69|plainurl=yes}}
|pages=[{{google books|FMYCsT-cZDUC|page=81|plainurl=yes}} 81]–[{{google books|FMYCsT-cZDUC|page=100|plainurl=yes}} 100]
|year=2009
|isbn=978-0-596-52030-4
|oclc=880220576
|___location=Sebastopol, CA
|publisher=[[O'Reilly Media]]
|via=Google Books
}}</ref> In that context, the items to organize are those significant in the environment. The way the items are organized should make sense to the target audience and cannot be determined from [[first principles]].
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