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The lateral prefrontal cortex is a region of interest because those who have injuries to that part of the brain often have issues with common, every day tasks such as planning their day. The LPFC is thought to be important for "cognitive control capacity," which can be used to predict future outcomes such as success in school and the workplace. It was found by van den Heuvel et al. that higher intelligence individuals employ more efficient whole-brain network organization. This had led to the thought that cognitive control capacity may be supported by these whole-brain network properties. The 2012 study used a theoretic approach to neuroimage data known as global brain connectivity (GBC) or weighted degree centrality. GBC let the researches look closely at specific regions and their range of connectivity. It was then possible to examine each region's role in human cognitive control and intelligence. The study used fMRI to acquire data and examine each region's connectivity.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=22745498 | doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0536-12.2012 | volume=32 | issue=26 | title=Global connectivity of prefrontal cortex predicts cognitive control and intelligence | pmc=3392686 |date=June 2012 | journal=J. Neurosci. | pages=8988–99}}</ref>
== Ethical implications ==
[[Privacy]] and [[confidentiality]] are major concerns for neuroimaging studies. With high-resolution anatomical images, such as those generated by [[fMRI]], it is possible to identify individual subjects, putting their personal / [[medical privacy]] at risk. It is possible to create surface renderings of the brain and face from a [[volumetric]] MRI, which can be paired with photographs to identify the individual.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kulynych|first=J|title=Legal and ethical issues in neuroimaging research: human subjects protection, medical privacy, and the public communication of research results.|journal=Brain and cognition|date=December 2002|volume=50|issue=3|pages=345–57|pmid=12480482|doi=10.1016/S0278-2626(02)00518-3}}</ref>
It is becoming more accepted that a neurobiological basis for intelligence exists (at least for reasoning and problem-solving). The success of these intelligence studies present ethical issues. A large concern for the general population is the issue of [[race and intelligence]]. While little variation has been found between racial groups, the public perception of intelligence studies has been negatively impacted by concerns of [[racism]]. It is important to consider the consequences of studies that investigate intelligence differences in population-groups (racial or ethnic) and if it is ethical to conduct these studies. A study suggesting that one group is biologically more intelligent than another may cause tension. This has made neuroscientists reluctant to investigate individual or group differences in intelligence, as they may be perceived as racist.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gray|first=Jeremy R.|author2=Thompson, Paul M.|title=Neurobiology of intelligence: science and ethics|journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience|date=1 June 2004|volume=5|issue=6|pages=471–482|doi=10.1038/nrn1405|pmid=15152197}}</ref>
==See also==
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