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Kalam, who conceived and worked on this programme, later also became the [[President of India]].<ref name="vigyanprasar">
{{cite web
== History ==
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The [[Agni (missile)|Agni missile]] was initially conceived in the IGMDP as a technology demonstrator project in the form of a re-entry vehicle, and was later upgraded to a ballistic missile with different ranges.<ref name="brahmos-site-igmdp" /> As part of this program, the Interim Test Range at Balasore in Orissa was also developed for missile testing.<ref name="fl-missile-shield">{{cite news
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| [[Agni-I]] || IGMDP || SRBM || Nuclear, HE, penetration, sub-munitions, FAE || 1,000 || 700–1,250<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aame.in/2012/11/nuclear-capable-agni-1-ballistic.html |title=Nuclear-Capable Agni-1 Ballistic Missile's Range Can Be Extended To 1500 Km |publisher=Aa Me, In |date=28 November 2012 |accessdate=2012-12-24}}</ref> || 15X1 || Single stage solid || 12,000 || 2002 || 25<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.8/missile_detail.asp |title=Agni-1 | Missile ThreatMissile Threat |publisher=Missilethreat.com |date= |accessdate=2012-12-24}}</ref>
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| [[Agni-II]] || IGMDP || MRBM || Nuclear, HE, penetration, sub-munitions, FAE || 750–1,000 || 2,000–3,500<ref>{{cite web|author=Alternate Name:Agni-II |url=http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |title=Agni-2 | Missile ThreatAgni-II |publisher=Missile Threat |date= |accessdate=2012-12-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018150947/http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.9/missile_detail.asp |archivedate=18 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> || 20X1 || Two and half stage solid || 16,000 || 1999 || 30
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| [[Agni-III]] || IGMDP || IRBM || Nuclear, HE, penetration, sub-munitions, FAE || 2,000–2,500 || 3,500–5,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.10/missile_detail.asp |title=Agni-3 | Missile ThreatMissile Threat |publisher=Missilethreat.com |date= |accessdate=2012-12-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018152512/http://www.missilethreat.com/missilesoftheworld/id.10/missile_detail.asp |archivedate=18 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> || 17X2 || Two stage solid || 44,000<br>22,000 (latest version)<ref name=thin2oct13/> || 2011 || 40
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| [[Agni-IV]] || Agni-IV || IRBM || Nuclear, HE, penetration, sub-munitions, FAE || 800–1,000 || 3,000–4,000 || 20X1 || Two stage solid || 17,000 || 2014 ||
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There were a number of failures and successes, which led to an expansion of the programme in the 1990s, to develop the long range [[Agni missile]], a ballistic missile (''codenamed'' [[Sagarika (missile)|Sagarika]]), which would be the naval version of the Prithvi, and an inter-continental-ballistic-missile (''codenamed'' [[Surya missile]]) with a range of 8,000–12,000 km.<ref>{{cite web|author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/india/surya.htm |title=Surya – India Missile Special Weapons Delivery Systems |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-31}}</ref>
In 1998, the Government of India, signed an agreement with Russia to design, develop, manufacture and market a Supersonic Cruise Missile System which has been successfully accomplished by 2006. [[BrahMos]] is a [[Cruise missile#Supersonic|supersonic cruise missile]] that can be launched from submarines, ships, aircraft or land. At speeds of Mach 2.5 to 2.8, it is the world's fastest cruise missile and is about three and a half times faster than the American subsonic Harpoon cruise missile. BAPL is contemplating a hypersonic Mach 8 version of the missile, named as the BrahMos II. BrahMos II will be the first hypersonic cruise missile and is expected to be ready by 2016-17. The laboratory testing of the missile has started.<ref>[http://www.brahmos.com/aboutus.html BrahMos Website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031003173137/http://www.brahmos.com/aboutus.html |date=3 October 2003 }} ''accessed'' 18 October 2006.</ref>
According to a statement by Dr. S Prahlada (ex-DRDO Director), new missile and weapons systems would henceforth be developed in five-year programs and include both Indian private industries as well as foreign partners to lower costs. Further development work on Nag and [[Surya missile]] would continue independently.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/008200801292068.htm |title=The Hindu News Update Service |publisher=Hindu.com |date=29 January 2008 |accessdate=2010-08-31 |___location=Chennai, India}}</ref> In addition, the [[DRDO]] is also developing a laser-based weapon system as part of its ballistic missile defence programme to intercept and destroy missiles soon after they are launched towards the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/holnus/008200901181531.htm |title=The Hindu News Update Service |publisher=Hindu.com |date=18 January 2009 |accessdate=2010-08-31 |___location=Chennai, India |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201062233/http://www.hindu.com/holnus/008200901181531.htm |archivedate=1 February 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Since 2008, follow on strategic projects are being either pursued singly (e.g. the Agni project) whereas tactical systems could involve joint ventures with foreign partners.<ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/09/stories/2008010956690100.htm |title=The Hindu News Update Service |publisher=Hindu.com |date=9 January 2008 |accessdate=2010-08-31 |___location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
India is said to be in the intermediate stages of developing a new [[cruise missile]], [[Nirbhay missile|Nirbhay]] ([[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]]: निर्भय meaning ''fearless''). The subsonic Nirbhay is said to be 6 m in length with a 520 mm diameter, weigh 1,000 kg and have a 1,000 km range with a speed of 0.7 mach. The technology demonstrator flight is planned for end-2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newspostindia.com/report-8529 |title=India's New Missile on the Cards |publisher=Newspostindia.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701151226/http://www.newspostindia.com/report-8529 |archivedate=1 July 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
In September 2008, Indian scientists developed a path-breaking technology that has the potential to increase the range of missiles and satellite launch vehicles by at least 40%.The enhanced range is made possible by adding a special-purpose coating of chromium metal to the blunt nose cone of missiles and launch vehicles. This would add-up on the stated range.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-09-10/news/27724374_1_coating-longest-range-missile-missile-range | work=The Times of India | title=New tech to boost missile range by 40% | date=10 September 2008}}</ref>
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== External links ==
* [http://missilethreat.csis.org/india/ CSIS Missile Threat - India]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080212071512/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MISSILES/Armoury.html Bharat Rakshak's page]
* [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MISSILES/Akash.html Bharat Rakshak's page of Akash]
* [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MISSILES/Trishul.html Bharat Rakshak's page on Trishul]
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