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DGCR8 is localized to the [[cell nucleus]] and is required for [[microRNA]] (miRNA) processing. It binds to [[Drosha]], an [[RNase III]] [[enzyme]], to form the [[Microprocessor complex]] that cleaves a [[primary transcript]] known as pri-miRNA to a characteristic [[stem-loop]] structure known as a pre-miRNA, which is then further processed to miRNA fragments by the enzyme [[Dicer]]. DGCR8 contains an [[RNA]]-binding ___domain and is thought to bind pri-miRNA to stabilize it for processing by Drosha.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yeom KH, Lee Y, Han J, Suh MR, Kim VN | title = Characterization of DGCR8/Pasha, the essential cofactor for Drosha in primary miRNA processing | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 34 | issue = 16 | pages = 4622–9 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16963499 | pmc = 1636349 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkl458 }}</ref>
DGCR8 is also required for some types of DNA repair. Removal of UV-induced DNA [[Pyrimidine dimer|photoproducts]], during [[Nucleotide excision repair#Transcription coupled repair (TC-NER)|transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER)]], depends on JNK phosphorylation of [[DGCR8]] on [[serine]] 153.<ref name=Calses>{{cite journal |vauthors=Calses PC, Dhillon KK, Tucker N, Chi Y, Huang JW, Kawasumi M, Nghiem P, Wang Y, Clurman BE, Jacquemont C, Gafken PR, Sugasawa K, Saijo M, Taniguchi T |title=DGCR8 Mediates Repair of UV-Induced DNA Damage Independently of RNA Processing |journal=Cell Rep |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=162–174 |year=2017 |pmid=28380355 |doi=10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.021 |url=}}</ref> While DGCR8 is known to function in microRNA biogenesis, this activity is not required for DGCR8-dependent removal of UV-induced photoproducts.<ref name=Calses /> [[Nucleotide excision repair]] is also needed for repair of oxidative DNA damage due to [[hydrogen peroxide]] ({{chem|H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>}}), and DGCR8 depleted cells are sensitive to {{chem|H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>}}.<ref name=Calses />
== References ==
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[[Category:MicroRNA]]
[[Category:RNA interference]]
[[Category:DNA repair]]
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