Community-based program design: Difference between revisions

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Community practice in social work is linked with the historical roots of the [[History of social work|profession's beginning]] in the United States. More specifically, the history of community-based social work has evolved from the COS, and the settlement house movements. However, during the earlier half of the 20th century, much of this work focused on institutionalization. Not until the 1960s did the shift from institutions to communities increase the emphasis on community-based program design. This is known as the era of [[deinstitutionalization]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.pearsonhighered.com/program/Tausig-Sociology-of-Mental-Illness-A-2nd-Edition/PGM118073.html|title=A sociology of mental illness|last=Tausig|first=Mark|last2=Janet|first2=Michello|last3=Sree|first3=Subedi|date=2004|publisher=Pearson|isbn=9780131114784|oclc=636608234}}</ref> Community-based organizations and community-based programs burgeoned during this period. The poor conditions of mental health institutions and an increasing amount of research that illustrated the benefits of maintaining the relationships of the individuals served within the community surfaced to further the growth of community-based programs.

Although social work has been historically defined by these institutionalized and deinstitutionalized periods, informal community design programs have always existed. In fact, informal community-based programs predate human service applications of this approach.<ref name="Delgado" /> In 1999, Melvin Delgado, a professor at the [[Boston University School of Social Work]] illustrated this point by quoting Harper (1990) regarding [[African- Americans]]' provision of health care in the community, stating: <blockquote>Blacks have always cared for the sick at home, yet it was never labeled 'home care.' Blacks have been dying at home and receiving care in the process, yet it was never called 'hospice care.' Blacks have relieved each other from the caring and curing processes, yet it was never seen as 'respite care.' Blacks have cared for each other in their homes, in their neighborhoods, and throughout their communities, yet it was never referred to as 'volunteerism.'<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/social-work-practice-with-black-families-a-culturally-specific-perspective/oclc/18909442|title=Blacks and the health care delivery system : challenges and prospects|last=Harper|first=Bernice Catherine O.|encyclopedia=Social work practice with Black families: a culturally specific perspective|editor-last=Logan|editor-first=Sadye Louise|editor-last2=Freeman|editor-first2=Edith M|editor-last3=McRoy|editor-first3=Ruth G|year=1990|publisher=Longman|isbn=0801300126|___location=New York|language=English}}</ref></blockquote>

Formally, community-based program development has been professionalized by such disciplines as [[urban studies and planning]] and [[social work]].