[[Ralph Merkle]] invented hash-based signatures in 1979. The XMSS<ref name="BuchmannDahmen2011">{{cite journal|last1=Buchmann|first1=Johannes|last2=Dahmen|first2=Erik|last3=Hülsing|first3=Andreas|title=XMSS - A Practical Forward Secure Signature Scheme Based on Minimal Security Assumptions|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|volume=7071|year=2011|pages=117–129|year=2011|issn=0302-9743|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-25405-5_8}}</ref> and SPHINCS<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-46800-5_15|title=Advances in Cryptology -- EUROCRYPT 2015|last=Bernstein|first=Daniel J.|last2=Hopwood|first2=Daira|last3=Hülsing|first3=Andreas|last4=Lange|first4=Tanja|last5=Niederhagen|first5=Ruben|last6=Papachristodoulou|first6=Louiza|last7=Schneider|first7=Michael|last8=Schwabe|first8=Peter|last9=Wilcox-O’Hearn|first9=Zooko|dateyear=2015-04-26|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|isbn=9783662467992|editor-last=Oswald|editor-first=Elisabeth|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science|volume=9056|pages=368–397|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-662-46800-5_15|editor-last2=Fischlin|editor-first2=Marc}}</ref> hash-based signature schemes were introduced in 2011 and 2015, respectively.
