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=== Challenges ===
Some challenges of community-based program design are the limited availability of resources, propensity for high levels of staff turnover, the reliance upon unpaid volunteers, participant retention, and the evaluation of a dynamic task environment.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=O'Neil|first=Margaret E.|last2=Fragala-Pinkham|first2=Maria|last3=Ideishi|first3=Roger I.|last4=Ideishi|first4=Siobhan K.|date=2012-05-01|title=Community-based programs for children and youth: our experiences in design, implementation, and evaluation|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22483374|journal=Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics|volume=32|issue=2|pages=111–119|doi=10.3109/01942638.2012.668089|issn=1541-3144|pmid=22483374}}</ref> For the same reasons that sustainability is an advantage of this approach, utilizing limited available resources is a challenge. Based on [[free market]] principals and resource scarcity, programs often operate below [[pareto efficiency]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/economics-for-social-workers/9780231116879|title=Economics for social workers : the application of economic theory to social policy and the human services|last=Lewis|first=Michael Anthony|last2=Karl|first2=Widerquist|date=2002|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=9780231116862|oclc=47805132}}</ref>
== Program design tools ==
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