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Arduino was born at [[Caprino Veronese]], [[Veneto]]. He was a [[mining]] specialist who developed possibly the first classification of geological time, based on study of the geology of northern [[Italy]]. He divided the history of the Earth into four periods: Primitive, Secondary, [[Tertiary]] and Volcanic, or [[Quaternary]].
[[File:Giovanni Arduino geological section Valle dell'Agno.jpg|thumb|left|Arduino's [[stratigraphy|stratigraphic]] section in the [[
The scheme proposed by Arduino in 1759,<ref name=Bates>{{cite book|authorlink=Marston Bates|last=Bates|first=Marston|title=The Nature of Natural History|page=51|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|___location=New York|year=1950}}</ref> which was based on much study of rocks of the southern [[Alps]], grouped the rocks into four series. These were (in addition to the Volcanic or Quaternary) as follows: the Primary series, which consisted of [[schist]]s from the core of the mountains; the Secondary, which consisted of the hard [[sedimentary rock]]s on the mountain flanks; and the Tertiary, which consisted of the less hardened sedimentary rocks of the foothills. Because this arrangement did not always hold true for mountain ranges other than the Alps, the Primary and the Secondary were dropped in the general case. However the term 'Tertiary' has persisted in geological literature until its recent replacement by the [[Palaeogene]] and [[Neogene]] periods. The last period of the [[Cenozoic]] Era, known as the [[Pleistocene]] Epoch, is sometimes not included in the notion of the Tertiary. The Cenozoic was studied and further determined by, among others, the English geologist (and mentor of [[Charles Darwin]]) [[Charles Lyell]].<ref name=Bates/>
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