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Nei primi sei censimenti (1790-1840), vengono registrati solo i nomi dei padroni di casa e una contabilità demograficha generale degli altri membri della famiglia. A partire dal 1850, tutti i membri della famiglia sono stati nominati sul censimento. Il primo programma di schiavi è stato completato nel 1850, ed il secondo (ed ultimo) nel 1860. Nei censimenti della fine del 19esimo secolo vengono inclusi anche i programmi agricoli e industriali per valutare la produttività dell'economia della nazione. Fra il 1850 ed il 1880 vengono aggiunte delle schede sulla morte delle persone, con lo scopo di stimare la durata media della vita e le cause di morte in tutto il paese.
I primi nove censimenti (1790-1870) non sono stati gestiti dal ramo esecutivo, ma dal ramo giudiziario. I distretti di corte federale degli Stati Uniti sono stati assegnati ai marescialli degli Stati Uniti, che hanno assunto degli assistenti per condurre l'enumerazione attuale. Gli enumeratori provenivano, tipicamente, dal villaggio o dal quartiere e spesso conoscevano i residenti. Prima di abilitare l'auto-identificazione sui censimenti, l'Ufficio del censimento ha fatto affidamento sulle persone locali per avere una certa conoscenza dei residenti. La classificazione razziale è stata fatta dagli enumeratori in questi decenni, piuttosto che dai singoli.
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| style="text-align:left;"| The census estimated the population of the United States at 17,100,000. The results were tabulated by 28 clerks in the Bureau of the Census.
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| style="text-align:left;"| The 1850 census was a landmark year in American census-taking. It was the first year in which the census bureau attempted to record every member of every household, including women, children and slaves. Accordingly, the first slave schedules were produced in 1850. Prior to 1850, census records had only recorded the name of the head of the household and tabulated the other household members within given age groups.
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| style="text-align:left;"| The results were tabulated by 184 clerks in the Bureau of the Census.<br /> This was the first census where the American Indians officially were counted, but only those who had 'renounced tribal rules'. The figure for the nation was 40,000.
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| style="text-align:left;"| This was the first census that permitted women to be enumerators.
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| style="text-align:left;"| Because it was believed that the frontier region of the United States no longer existed, the tracking of westward migration was not tabulated in the 1890 census.<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Porter |first1 = Robert |last2 = Gannett |first2 = Henry |last3 = Hunt |first3 = William | title = "Progress of the Nation", in "Report on Population of the United States at the Eleventh Census: 1890, Part 1" | pages = xviii-xxxiv | publisher = Bureau of the Census | year = 1895}}</ref> This trend prompted [[Frederick Jackson Turner]] to develop his milestone [[Frontier Thesis]].<br />
The 1890 census was the first to be compiled using the new [[tabulating machines]] invented by [[Herman Hollerith]]. The net effect of the many changes from the 1880 census (the larger population, the number of data items to be collected, the Census Bureau headcount, the volume of scheduled publications, and the use of Hollerith's electromechanical tabulators) was to reduce the time required to fully process the census from eight years for the [[U.S. Census, 1880|1880 census]] to six years for the 1890 census.<ref name="11th census report">{{cite book |title=Report of the Commissioner of Labor In Charge of The Eleventh Census to the Secretary of the Interior for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1895 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435067619882 |___location=Washington, DC ||publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office]] |date=July 29, 1895 |accessdate=November 13, 2015 |oclc=867910652}} Page 9: "You may confidently look for the rapid reduction of the force of this office after the 1st of October, and the entire cessation of clerical work during the present calendar year. ... The condition of the work of the Census Division and the condition of the final reports show clearly that the work of the Eleventh Census will be completed at least two years earlier than was the work of the Tenth Census." — Carroll D. Wright, Commissioner of Labor in Charge</ref> The total population, of 62,947,714, was announced after only six weeks of processing (punched cards were not used for this family, or ''rough'', count).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1991-02.pdf |format=PDF|title=Population and Area (Historical Censuses) |publisher=United States Census Bureau|deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>Truesdell, Leon E. (1965) The Development of Punch Card Tabulation in the Bureau of the Census 1890-1940, US GPO, p.61</ref> The public reaction to this tabulation was disbelief, as it was widely believed that the "right answer" was at least 75,000,000.<ref>Austrian, Geoffrey D. (1982) ''Herman Hollerith - Forgotten Giant of Information Processing'', Columbia, pp.85-86</ref>
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This census is also notable for the fact it is one of only three for which the original data is no longer available. Almost all the population schedules were destroyed following a fire in 1921.
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| style="text-align:left;"| This was the first census that recorded a population exceeding 100 million.
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| style="text-align:left;"| This is the most recent Census where individuals' data has now been released to the public (by the [[72-year rule]]).
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| style="text-align:left;"| Because of the 72-year rule, this census will be available for public inspection on April 1, 2022.
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| style="text-align:left;"| Because of the 72-year rule, this census will be available for public inspection on April 1, 2032.
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| style="text-align:left;"| This was the first census that recorded a population exceeding 200 million. Because of the 72-year rule, this census will be available for public inspection on April 1, 2042.
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| style="text-align:left;"| Because of the 72-year rule, this census will be available for public inspection on April 1, 2052.
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| style="text-align:left;"| Because of the 72-year rule, this census will be available for public inspection on April 1, 2062.
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| style="text-align:left;"| Because of the 72-year rule, this census will be available for public inspection on April 1, 2072.
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| style="text-align:left;"| For the first time since 1940, the 2010 Census is a short-form-only census, as the decennial long form has been replaced by the [[American Community Survey]].<br /> This was the first census that recorded a population exceeding 300 million. Because of the 72-year rule, this census will be available for public inspection on April 1, 2082.
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[[File:Census2010LogoMN.png|thumb|Census regional marketing logo in [[Minnesota]].]]
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