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==Data models==
most common representation for the data model are <br />
===OMT-G===
Provides a UML representation for geographic applications, it can represent the concept of field ,object and provide way to differentiate between spatial relation and simple association.
===[[Entity Relationship]]===
===GraphDB===
Represent a framework objects as classes which are partitioned into three kinds of classes, called simple classes, link classes, and path classes. Objects of a simple class are on the one hand just like objects in other models: They have an object type and an object identity and can have attributes whose values are either of a data type (e.g. integer, string) or of an object type (that is, an attribute may contain a reference to another object). So the structure of an object is basically that of a tuple or record. On the other hand, objects of a simple class are nodes of the database graph – the whole database can also be viewed as a single graph. Objects of a link class are like objects of a simple class but additionally contain two distinguished references to source and target objects (belonging to simple classes), which makes them edges of the database graph. Finally, an object of a path class is like an object of a simple class, but contains additionally a list of references to node and edge objects which form a path over the database graph.
Repesent a data model to store geographic information on top of EER model, GEIS define the input data model and provide the following for data model
Geometry. In the GISER model, geometry is an entity that is related to a spatial object by the relationship
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Topology. Topology is a property belonging to a spatial object and that property remains unaltered even when the object deforms. An example is a road network. The two nodes in the network thus remain connected even if the path between the nodes is changed by road construction. In order to represent the topology, the basic primitives such as networks
(i.e., graphs) and partitions are provided. Additional primitives can be added on lines of the Worboy model, This system support representation for stored data.
===Oracle spatial ===
Oracle spatial is a componet enterprise oracle 10g and provides support to stores object such as road on top of the current implentend construction but it used network data model to store geographic data as nodes and links ( a graph represntaion) with each node or links it has a set of attrubites. For example a route object can be added to the database.
===[[Grass]]===
It support raster and some set of vector represtantion
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