* [[Probability collectives]] (PC)<ref>{{cite journal|last1=WOLPERT|first1=DAVID H.|last2=STRAUSS|first2=CHARLIE E. M.|last3=RAJNARAYAN|first3=DEV|title=ADVANCES IN DISTRIBUTED OPTIMIZATION USING PROBABILITY COLLECTIVES|journal=Advances in Complex Systems|date=December 2006|volume=09|issue=04|pages=383–436|doi=10.1142/S0219525906000884}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pelikan|first1=Martin|last2=Goldberg|first2=David E.|last3=Lobo|first3=Fernando G.|title=A Survey of Optimization by Building and Using Probabilistic Models|journal=Computational Optimization and Applications|date=2002|volume=21|issue=1|pages=5–20|doi=10.1023/A:1013500812258}}</ref>
* [[Hill climbing with learning]] (HCwL)
* [[Estimation of multivariate normal algorithm]] (EMNA)
* [[Estimation of Bayesian networks algorithm]] (EBNA)
* [[Stochastic hill climbing with learning by vectors of normal distributions]] (SHCLVND)
* [[Real-coded PBIL]]
* [[Selfish Gene Algorithm]] (SG)
* [[Probabilistic incremental program evolution]] (PIPE)
* [[Estimation of Gaussian networks algorithm]] (EGNA)
