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===Absorber===
The simplest absorption scheme can be applied to TESs operating in the near-IR, optical, and UV regimes. These devices generally utilize a [[tungsten]] TES as its own absorber, which absorbs up to 20% of the incident radiation.<ref name = NIST2>A. J. Miller ''et al.'', "Demonstration of a low-noise near-infrared photon counter with multiphoton discrimination", ''Appl. Phys. Lett.'', '''83''', 791–793. (2003), {{doi|10.1063/1.1596723}}.</ref> If high-efficiency detection is desired, the TES may be fabricated in a multi-layer [[optical cavity]] tuned to the desired operating wavelength and employing a backside mirror and frontside anti-reflection coating. Such techniques can decrease the transmission and reflection from the detectors to negligibly low values; 95% detection efficiency has been observed.<ref name=NIST/> At higher energies, the primary obstacle to absorption is transmission, not reflection, and thus an absorber with high photon stopping power and low heat capacity is desirable; a [[bismuth]] film is often employed.<ref name=IrwinHilton/> Any absorber should have low [[heat capacity]] with respect to the TES. Higher heat capacity in the absorber will contribute to noise and decrease the sensitivity of the detector (since a given absorbed energy will not produce as large of a change in TES resistance). For far-IR radiation into the millimeter range, the absorption schemes commonly employ [[Antenna (radio)|antennas]] or [[feedhorn]]s.<ref name=IrwinHilton />
===Thermometer===
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