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==The program==
The '''ALS''' was a joint USAF and NASA study from 1987 to 1990 that began during the post-
Mushala was promoted to Colonel in October 1989 and became Program Director when Wormington was reassigned as commander of the Eastern Space and Missile Center, Patrick AFB, FL in February 1990. Mushala closed out the program, and the System Program Office (SPO) was disbanded in July 1990 with remaining propulsion development efforts being managed by NASA alone. Although the project had a projected [[Research_and_development|R&D]] cost of $15 billion, its early cancellation led to a final cost of was slightly under $3 billion.
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With the total development cost of ALS pegged at $15 billion through its first flight in 1998,<ref>Smith, Bruce, "USAF Cuts Vehicle Design Work On Advanced Launch System," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 18 December 1989, page 112.</ref> the need for ALS seemed increasingly doubtful.<ref>Finnegan, Philip, "Report: ALS Program Lacks Mission, Should be Pared to Propulsion Study," Defense News, 25 September 1989, page 4.</ref>
The program had three prime contractors developing concept "Launch Family" systems, each with an $800 million multi-year contract. They were Boeing Aerospace, Martin-Marietta, and General Dynamics for a total program budget of a little less than $2.5 Billion (the cost of just one B-2 bomber).
==See also==
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