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==Principles==
The basic principles of SNP array are the same as the DNA microarray. These are the convergence of [[DNA hybridization]], [[fluorescence microscope|fluorescence microscopy]], and solid surface DNA capture. The three mandatory components of the SNP arrays are:<ref>{{cite journal|last1=LaFramboise|first1=T.|title=Single nucleotide polymorphism arrays: a decade of biological, computational and technological advances|journal=Nucleic Acids Research|date=1 July 2009|volume=37|issue=13|pages=4181–4193|doi=10.1093/nar/gkp552}}</ref>
# An array containing immobilized [[allele-specific oligonucleotide]] (ASO) probes.
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# A detection system that records and interprets the [[DNA-DNA hybridization|hybridization]] signal.
The ASO probes are often chosen based on sequencing of a representative panel of individuals: positions found to vary in the panel at a specified frequency are used as the basis for probes. SNP chips are generally described by the number of SNP positions they assay. Two probes must be used for each SNP position to detect both alleles; if only one probe were used, experimental failure would be indistinguishable from [[homozygosity]] of the non-probed allele.<ref>{{cite book|first1=ed. by Ralph Rapley|title=Molecular analysis and genome discovery|date=2004|publisher=Wiley|___location=Chichester [u.a.]|isbn=0-471-49919-6}}</ref>
==Applications==
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