Outline of human–computer interaction: Difference between revisions

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The following [[Outline (list)|outline]] is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human–computer interaction:

'''[[Human–computer interaction]]''' &ndash;– the intersection of computer science and behavioral sciences, this field involves the study, planning, and design of the interaction between people (users) and computers. Attention to human-machine interaction is important, because poorly designed human-machine interfaces can lead to many unexpected problems. A classic example of this is the [[Three Mile Island accident]] where investigations concluded that the design of the human–machine interface was at least partially responsible for the disaster.

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Human–computer interaction can be described as all of the following:

* A field of [[science]] &ndash;– systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.<ref>"... modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by mathematics; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions."&nbsp;—p.vii, [[J. L. Heilbron]], (2003, editor-in-chief) ''The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science'' New York: Oxford University Press {{ISBN|0-19-511229-6}}

*{{cite dictionary |encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |title=science |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science |accessdate=2011-10-16 |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]], Inc |quote='''3 a:''' knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method '''b:''' such knowledge or such a system of knowledge concerned with the physical world and its phenomena }}

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** An [[applied science]] &ndash;– field that applies human knowledge to build or design useful things.

*** A field of [[computer science]] &ndash;– scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications.

** An application of [[engineering]] &ndash;– science, skill, and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and also build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes.

*** An application of [[software engineering]] &ndash;– application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the design, development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software.<ref name="BoDu04">[[Software Engineering Body of Knowledge|SWEBOK]] {{Cite book| editors = Pierre Bourque and Robert Dupuis | title = Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge -– 2004 Version | publisher = [[IEEE Computer Society]] | year = 2004 | pages = 1–1 | isbn = 0-7695-2330-7 | url = http://www.swebok.org | author = executive editors, Alain Abran, James W. Moore ; editors, Pierre Bourque, Robert Dupuis.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web

| last = ACM

| year = 2006

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| year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-8493-7228-5 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pFHYk0KWAEgC&lpg=PP1&dq=What%20Every%20Engineer%20Should%20Know%20about%20Software%20Engineering.&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false | accessdate = 2011-01-21 }}

</ref>

**** A subfield of [[computer programming]] &ndash;– process of designing, writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. This source code is written in one or more programming languages (such as Java, C++, C#, Python, Php etc.). The purpose of programming is to create a set of instructions that computers use to perform specific operations or to exhibit desired behaviors.

** A [[social science]] &ndash;– academic discipline concerned with society and human behavior.

*** A [[behavioural sciences|behavioural science]] &ndash;– discipline that explores the activities of and interactions among organisms. It involves the systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behaviour through controlled and naturalistic observation, and disciplined scientific experimentation. Examples of behavioural sciences include psychology, psychobiology, and cognitive science.

* A type of [[system]] &ndash;– set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole or a set of elements (often called 'components' ) and relationships which are different from relationships of the set or its elements to other elements or sets.

** A system that includes [[software]] &ndash;– software is a collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it. Software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer. In other words, software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms and its documentation concerned with the operation of a data processing system.

* A type of [[technology]] &ndash;– making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control and adapt to their natural environments.

** A form of [[computer technology]] &ndash;– computers and their application.

== Styles of human–computer interaction ==

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** human [[perception]]

*** [[sensory system]]

* [[sociology]] and [[social psychology]]

* [[cognitive science]]

* [[human factors]] / [[cognitive ergonomics]] / [[physical ergonomics]]

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** scientific visualization

** knowledge visualization

* [[design]]

** [[industrial design]]

** [[graphic design]] and [[aesthetics]]

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* [[Human–computer information retrieval]]

* [[Information retrieval]]

* [[Internet]] and the [[World Wide Web]]

* [[multimedia]]

* [[Software agent]]s

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* [[Steering law]]

* [[GOMS]] – goals, operators, methods, and selection rules

* [[Keystroke-level model]] (KLM)

== Cultural influences ==