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==Design and description==
[[John Lenthall (shipbuilder)|John Lenthall]], Chief of the [[Bureau of Construction and Repair]], ordered Benjamin F. Delano, naval constructor at [[New York City]], to design a wooden-hulled ironclad that would carry her armament in two gun turrets. The [[deck (ship)|deck]] was to be {{convert|3|ft|m|1}} above the [[waterline]] and protected by {{convert|3|in}} of armor. The ship's side armor was to be {{convert|10|in|0}} thick, backed by {{convert|12|-|15|in|0}} of wood; it was to cover the entire ship's side, down to a depth three feet below the waterline. It should carry enough coal to steam one week at full power with "sufficient speed to make good use of its [[naval ram|ram]]".<ref>Canney, p. 124–25</ref> [[Gideon Welles]], [[Secretary of the Navy]], called them enlarged versions of the {{sclass-|Miantonomoh|monitor|2}}s with greater speed and "adapted to coast service", meaning more seaworthy.<ref name=c5>Canney, p. 125</ref>
The ''Kalamazoo''-class ships were {{convert|345|ft|5|in|m|1}} [[length overall|long overall]] and had a [[length between perpendiculars]] of {{convert|332|ft|6|in|m|1}}. They had a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|56|ft|8|in|m}} and a [[Draft (hull)|draft]] of {{convert|17|ft|6|in|m|1}}. The ships were designed to displace {{convert|5660|LT|t|lk=in}} and were 3,200 [[Builder's Old Measurement|tons burthen]].<ref name=s9>Silverstone 1989, p. 9</ref> They were the largest ships to be built in navy shipyards to date.<ref name=c5/>
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