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→Storage and demand loading: It is not only wind, but also solar as a pillar of a RES based energy system in the future. The following pairs apply: generator/load (technical), supply/demand (macroeconomics), production/consumption (microeconomics) |
→Storage and demand loading: See https://www.ffe.de/attachments/article/414/Executive_MOS2030_engl.pdf |
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* [[Pumped-storage hydroelectricity|Pumped storage hydropower]] is the most prevalent existing technology used, and can substantially improve the economics of wind power. The availability of hydropower sites suitable for storage will vary from grid to grid. Typical round trip efficiency is 80%.<ref name="IEA2005WindVar"/><ref name='REPAWindEconomics'>{{cite web|url=http://ideas.repec.org/p/rep/wpaper/2006-02.html |title=The Economics of Wind Power with Energy Storage |accessdate=2008-10-20 |last=Benitez |first=Pablo C. |author2=Lilianna E. Dragulescu |author3=G. Cornelis Van Kooten |date = February 2006|work=Resource Economics and Policy Analysis (REPA) Research Group |publisher=Department of Economics, University of Victoria }}</ref>
* [[Thermal energy storage]] stores heat.
* [[Ice storage air conditioning]] Ice can be stored inter seasonally and can be used as a source of air-conditioning during periods of high demand. Present systems only need to store ice for a few hours but are well developed.
* [[Hydrogen]] can be created through [[electrolysis]] and stored for later use. [[NREL]] found that a kilogram of hydrogen (roughly equivalent to a gallon of gasoline) could be produced for between US$5.55 in the near term and $2.27 in the long term.<ref name='NRELElectrolysis'>{{cite web|url=http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/39534.pdf |title=Wind Energy and Production of Hydrogen and Electricity - Opportunities for Renewable Hydrogen - Preprint |accessdate=2008-10-20 |last=Levene |first=J. |author2=B. Kroposki |author3=G. Sverdrup |date = March 2006|format=PDF |work=National Renewable Energy Laboratory }}</ref>
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