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::<math>b^\dagger |0_a,0_b\rangle=|0_a,1_b\rangle=|1\rangle_L</math>.
Single qubit operations are then performed by [[beam splitter]]s, which allow manipulation of the relative superposition weights of the modes, and phase shifters, which allow manipulation of the relative phases of the two modes. This type of encoding lends itself to the Nielsen protocol. In encoding with [[photon polarization]], logical zero and one can be encoded via the horizontal and vertical states of a photon, e.g.
::<math>|H\rangle=|0\rangle_L</math>
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::<math>|V\rangle=|1\rangle_L</math>.
Given this encoding, single qubit operations can be performed using [[waveplate]]s. This encoding can be used with the Browne-Rudolph protocol.
===Nielsen protocol===
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