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Among the first proposals of utilizing resource states for optical quantum computing was the Yoran-Reznik protocol in 2003.<ref>Kok, P. et al., [https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0512071 "Linear optical computing with photonic qubits"], ''Rev. Mod. Phys.'', March, 2007.</ref> While the proposed resource in this protocol was not exactly a cluster state, it brought many of the same key concepts to the attention of those considering the possibilities of optical quantum computing and still required connecting multiple separate one-dimensional chains of entangled photons via controlled-Z operations. This protocol is somewhat unique in that it utilizes both the spatial mode degree of freedom along with the polarization degree of freedom to help entanglement between qubits.
Given a horizontal path, denoted by <math>a</math>, and a vertical path, denoted by <math>b</math>, a 50:50 beam splitter connecting the paths followed by a <math>\pi/2</math>
::<math>|H,a\rangle\rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|H,b\rangle+|V,a\rangle)</math>
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