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=== First hardware ===
In 1981, [[John L. Hennessy]] began the [[Stanford MIPS|MIPS]] (''Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages'') project at [[Stanford University]] to investigate [[RISC]] technology. The results of his research convinced him of the future commercial potential of the technology, and in 1984, he took a sabbatical to found [[MIPS Computer Systems]]. The company designed a new architecture that was also called [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]], and introduced the first MIPS implementation, the '''[[R2000 (microprocessor)|R2000]]''', in 1985. The R2000 was improved, and the design was introduced as the '''[[R3000]]''' in 1988. These 32-bit CPUs formed the basis of their company through the 1980s, used primarily in [[Silicon Graphics|SGI]]'s series of [[workstation]]s and later [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] DECstation workstations and servers. The SGI commercial designs deviated from Stanford MIPS by implementing most of the interlocks in hardware, supplying full multiply and divide instructions (among others). The designs were guided, in part, by software architect [[Earl Killian (engineer)|Earl Killian]] who designed the MIPS III 64-bit instruction-set extension, and led the work on the R4000 microarchitecture.<ref name=twsNovZ23>{{cite news
|title = Earl Killian
|publisher = ''Paravirtual''
|date = 26 November 2010
|url = http://www.paravirtual.com/content/company/advisory_board.htm
|accessdate = 26 November 2010
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120213131715/http://www.paravirtual.com/content/company/advisory_board.htm
|archivedate = 13 February 2012
|df =
}}</ref><ref name=twsNovZ14>{{cite news
|title= S-1 Supercomputer Alumni: Earl Killian
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