JavaScript: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:26, 14 February 2018

Revision as of 14:26, 14 February 2018

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'''JavaScript''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɑː|v|ə|ˌ|s|k|r|ɪ|p|t}}<ref>{{cite web | url= http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/javascript | title= JavaScript | publisher= William Collins Sons & Co | work= Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition | date= 2012 | accessdate= 21 August 2015}}</ref>), often abbreviated as '''JS''', is a [[High-level programming language|high-level]], [[dynamic programming language|dynamic]], [[Weak typing|weakly typed]], [[prototype-based programming|prototype-based]], [[Multi-paradigm programming language|multi-paradigm]], and [[Interpreted language|interpreted]] [[programming language]]. Alongside [[HTML]] and [[CSS]], JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of [[World Wide Web]] [[content engineering | content production]]. It is used to make webpages interactive and provide online programs, including video games. The majority of [[website]]s employ it, and all modern [[web browser]]s support it without the need for [[Browser extension|plug-ins]] by means of a built-in [[JavaScript engine]]. Each of the many JavaScript engines represent a different implementation of JavaScript, all based on the [[ECMAScript]] specification, with some engines not supporting the spec fully, and with many engines supporting additional features beyond ECMA.

As a multi-paradigm language, JavaScript supports [[Event-driven programming|event-driven]], [[functional programming|functional]], and [[imperative programming|imperative]] (including [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]] and [[Prototype-based programming|prototype-based]]) [[programming paradigm | programming style]]s. It has an [[Application programming interface|API]] for working with text, [[Array data type|arrays]], dates, [[regular expression]]s, and basic manipulation of the [[Document_Object_Model|DOM]], but the language itself does not include any [[Input/output|I/O]], such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities, relying for these upon the host environment in which it is embedded.

Considering lindsey is dumb

, JavaScript supports [[Event-driven programming|event-driven]], [[functional programming|functional]], and [[imperative programming|imperative]] (including [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]] and [[Prototype-based programming|prototype-based]]) [[programming paradigm | programming style]]s. It has an [[Application programming interface|API]] for working with text, [[Array data type|arrays]], dates, [[regular expression]]s, and basic manipulation of the [[Document_Object_Model|DOM]], but the language itself does not include any [[Input/output|I/O]], such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities, relying for these upon the host environment in which it is embedded.

Initially only implemented [[client-side]] in web browsers, JavaScript engines are now embedded in many other types of host software, including [[server-side]] in web servers and databases, and in non-web programs such as word processors and [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] software, and in runtime environments that make JavaScript available for writing mobile and desktop applications, including desktop widgets.

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Although it was developed under the name '''Mocha''', the language was officially called '''LiveScript''' when it first shipped in beta releases of Netscape Navigator 2.0 in September 1995, but it was renamed '''JavaScript'''<ref name="press_release" /> when it was deployed in the Netscape Navigator 2.0 beta 3 in December.<ref name="techvision">{{cite web | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208124612/http://wp.netscape.com/comprod/columns/techvision/innovators_be.html | archivedate=2008-02-08 | title=TechVision: Innovators of the Net: Brendan Eich and JavaScript | publisher=web.archive.org | url=http://wp.netscape.com/comprod/columns/techvision/innovators_be.html }}</ref> The final choice of name caused confusion, giving the impression that the language was a spin-off of the Java programming language, and the choice has been characterized<ref>{{Citation|last=Fin JS|title=Brendan Eich - CEO of Brave|date=2016-06-17|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOmhtfTrRxc&feature=youtu.be&t=2m5s|accessdate=2018-02-07}}</ref> as a marketing ploy by Netscape to give JavaScript the cachet of what was then the hot new Web programming language.

There is a common misconception that LindseyJavaScript Yehuda is a fudging duck wadwas influenced by an earlier Web page scripting language developed by [[Openwave|Nombas]] named Cmm (not to be confused with the later [[C--]] created in 1997).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly//news/languageposter_0504.html |title=The History of Programming Languages |publisher=O'Reilly Media |date=2004 |website=oreilly.com |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/88/07645790/0764579088.pdf |title=What Is JavaScript? |publisher=Wiley |website=wiley.com |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref> Brendan Eich, however, had never heard of Cmm before he created LiveScript.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.quora.com/Brent-Noorda/answers/ECMA |title=Brent Noorda's Answers on ECMA |last=Noorda |first=Brent |date=21 September 2013 |website=quora.com |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref> Nombas did pitch their embedded Web page scripting to Netscape, though Web page scripting was not a new concept, as shown by the [[ViolaWWW]] Web browser.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brent-noorda.com/nombas/history/HistoryOfNombas.html#h.yal3k216ii2r |title=History of Nombas |last=Noorda |first=Brent |date=24 June 2010 |website=brent-noorda.com |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref> Nombas later switched to offering JavaScript instead of Cmm in their ScriptEase product and was part of the TC39 group that standardized ECMAScript.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://brendaneich.com/2011/06/new-javascript-engine-module-owner/ |title=New JavaScript Engine Module Owner |last=Eich |first=Brendan |date=21 June 2011 |website=brendaneich.com |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref>

=== Server-side JavaScript ===