JavaScript: Difference between revisions

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Microsoft script technologies including [[VBScript]] and [[JScript]] were released in 1996. JScript, a reverse-engineered implementation of Netscape's JavaScript, was part of [[Internet Explorer 3]]. JScript was also available for server-side scripting in [[Internet Information Server]]. Internet Explorer 3 also included Microsoft's first support for CSS and various extensions to HTML, but in each case the implementation was noticeably different to that found in Netscape Navigator at the time.<ref name="O'Reilly-2001">{{cite web |url=http://archive.oreilly.com/pub/a/javascript/2001/04/06/js_history.html |title=JavaScript, How Did We Get Here? |last=Champeon |first=Steve |date=6 April 2001 |website=oreilly.com |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.microsoft.com/1996/05/29/microsoft-internet-explorer-3-0-beta-now-available/ |title=Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.0 Beta Now Available |publisher=Microsoft |date=29 May 1996 |website=microsoft.com |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref> These differences made it difficult for designers and programmers to make a single website work well in both browsers, leading to the use of "best viewed in Netscape" and "best viewed in Internet Explorer" logos that characterized these early years of the [[browser wars]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.technologizer.com/2010/09/16/the-unwelcome-return-of-best-viewed-with-internet-explorer/ |title=The Unwelcome Return of "Best Viewed with Internet Explorer" |last=McCracken |first=Harry |date=16 September 2010 |website=technologizer.com |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref> JavaScript began to acquire a reputation for being one of the roadblocks to a cross-platform and standards-driven Web. Some developers took on the difficult task of trying to make their sites work in both major browsers, but many could not afford the time.<ref name="O'Reilly-2001" /> With the release of [[Internet Explorer 4]], Microsoft introduced the concept of [[Dynamic HTML]], but the differences in language implementations and the different and proprietary [[Document Object Model]]s remained and were obstacles to widespread take-up of JavaScript on the Web.<ref name="O'Reilly-2001" />

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=== Standardization ===

In November 1996, Netscape submitted JavaScript to [[Ecma International]] to carve out a standard specification, which other browser vendors could then implement based on the work done at Netscape. This led to the official release of the language specification [[ECMAScript]] published in the first edition of the ECMA-262 standard in June 1997, with JavaScript being the most well known of the implementations. [[ActionScript]] and [[JScript]] are other well-known implementations of ECMAScript.