Hypoderma tarandi: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:39, 22 March 2018

Revision as of 19:52, 28 March 2018

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[[File:Ice-bound on Kolguev - a chapter in the exploration of Arctic Europe to which is added a record of the natural history of the island (1895) (14595270719).jpg|thumb|A reindeer herd in [[Kolguyev Island]] in 1895. The caption reads: "We entered today on a new phase of reindeer life. For the first time the fly appeared ''(Hypoderma tarandi)'', known to the [[Samoyeds]] as ''Pi-liur'', and to the Russians as ''Orwot.'']]

'''''Hypoderma tarandi''''', also known as the '''reindeer warble fly''' and '''cariboureindeer bot flybotfly''',<ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 2600172 | pmid=18258079 | doi=10.3201/eid1401.070163 | volume=14 | title=Human ophthalmomyiasis interna caused by Hypoderma tarandi, Northern Canada | year=2008 | journal=Emerging Infect. Dis. | pages=64–6 | last1 = Lagacé-Wiens | first1 = PR | last2 = Dookeran | first2 = R | last3 = Skinner | first3 = S | last4 = Leicht | first4 = R | last5 = Colwell | first5 = DD | last6 = Galloway | first6 = TD}}</ref> is a species of [[warble fly]] that is [[parasitism|parasitic]] on [[reindeer]].<ref>Chillcott, in Stone et al., 1965, Catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico, p. 1112.</ref>

The larvae of this fly are a skin-penetrating ectoparasite that usually infest populations of reindeer and [[caribou]] in [[Arctic]] areas, causing harm to the hides, meat and milk in domesticated herds. They also may cause [[Ophthalmomyiasisophthalmomyiasis]] in humans,<ref>{{cite journal|url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224413000217 | doi=10.1016/j.ijppaw.2013.06.001 | volume=2 | title=Warble infestations by Hypoderma tarandi (Diptera; Oestridae) recorded for the first time in West Greenland muskoxen | year=2013 | journal=International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife | pages=214–216 | last1 = Samuelsson | first1 = Fredrik | last2 = Nejsum | first2 = Peter | last3 = Raundrup | first3 = Katrine | last4 = Vicky Alstrup Hansen | first4 = Tina | last5 = Moliin Outzen Kapel | first5 = Christian}}</ref> leading to [[uveitis]], [[glaucoma]], and [[retinal detachment]].<ref name=lag>{{cite journal | last1 = Lagacé-Wiens | first1 = P. R. | display-authors = 1 | last2 = et al | year = 2008 | title = Human ophthalmomyiasis interna caused by ''Hypoderma tarandi'', Northern Canada | journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases | volume = 14 | issue = 1| pages = 64–6 | pmc=2600172 | pmid=18258079 | doi=10.3201/eid1401.070163}}</ref> ''H. lineatum'' and ''H. sinense'' may also infest humans.<ref name=lag/>

==As food==

{{see also|Entomophagy}}

In cold climates supporting [[reindeer]]- or [[caribou]]-reliant populations, large quantities of ''Hypoderma tarandi'' maggots are available to human populations during the butchery of animals.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfTzAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA482|title=Caribou warble grubs edible|first=E.P.|last=Felt|year=1918|journal=Journal of Economic Entomology|volume=11|page=482}}</ref>

''Hypoderma tarandi'' larvae were part of the traditional diet of the [[Nunamiut]] people.<ref>Eric Loker, Bruce Hofkin et al. ''Parasitology: A Conceptual Approach''. p. 229</ref> Copious art dating back to the [[Pleistocene]] in Europe confirms their consumption in premodern times, as well.<ref name="NPA">{{cite book|title=The Nature of Paleolithic Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3u6JNwMyMCEC&pg=PA6|accessdate=7 May 2013|last=Guthrie |first=Russell Dale |year=2005|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-31126-5|pages=6–}}</ref>

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==See also==

*[[Botfly]]

*''[[Cephenemyia trompe]]'', anotherthe reindeer nose botfly, another parasitic reindeer fly

== References ==