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=== Later developments ===
JavaScript has become one of the most popular programming languages on the Web. Initially, however, many professional programmers denigrated the language because, among other reasons, its target audience consisted of Web authors and other such "amateurs".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crockford.com/javascript/javascript.html |title=JavaScript, The World's Most Misunderstood Programming Language |last=Crockford |first=Douglas |date=2001 |website=crockford.com |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref> The advent of [[Ajax (programming)|Ajax]] returned JavaScript to the spotlight and brought more professional programming attention. The result was a proliferation of comprehensive [[List of JavaScript libraries|frameworks and libraries]], improved JavaScript programming practices, and increased usage of JavaScript outside Web browsers, as seen by the proliferation of [[#server-side JavaScript]] platforms.
 
In January 2009, the [[CommonJS]] project was founded with the goal of specifying a common standard library mainly for JavaScript development outside the browser.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/web/news/2009/12/commonjs-effort-sets-javascript-on-path-for-world-domination.ars |title=CommonJS Effort Sets JavaScript on Path for World Domination |last=Kowal |first=Kris |date=1 December 2009 |website=arstechnica.com |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref>