Haldane's decompression model: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:54, 25 December 2017

Revision as of 16:38, 7 April 2018

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===Schrötter===

[[Hermann von Schrötter|Anton Hermann Victor Thomas Schrötter]] (5 August 1870 – 6 January 1928), an Austrian physiologist and physician who was a native of Vienna, was a pioneer of aviation and [[hyperbaric medicine]],<ref>[http://austria-forum.org/af/Wissenssammlungen/Essays/Medizin/Familie_Schr%C3%B6tter3 Die Familie Schrötter]</ref> and made important contributions in the study of [[decompression sickness]]. He studied medicine and [[natural science]]s at the Universities of [[University of Vienna|Vienna]] and [[University of Strasbourg|Strasbourg]], earning his medical degree in 1894, and during the following year receiving his [[Doctor of Philosophy|doctorate of philosophy]]. He was active in many fields of medicine and [[physiology]]. His first interest from 1895 was the investigation and combating of caisson disease, and during his tenure in [[Nussdorf, Vienna|Nussdorf]] he studied the numerous diseases that have occurred and was looking for ways of treatment and prevention.

His published report in 1900 with Dr. Richard Heller and Dr. Wilhelm Mager, on air pressure disease is considered the basic German-language work of diving and [[hyperbaric medicine]]. Schrötter, Heller and Mager framed rules for safe decompression and believed that the decompression rate of one atmosphere (atm) per 20 minutes would be safe. Hill and Greenwood decompressed themselves without serious symptoms after exposure to {{convert|6|atm|abbr=on}}.

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Haldane stated in his book "In order to avoid the risk of bubbles being formed on decompression, it has hitherto been recommended that decompression should be slow and at as nearly a uniform rate throughout as possible. We must therefore carefully consider the process of desaturation of the body during slow and uniform decompression",{{Citation needed|date=May 2015}} hence the outline of his work is noted:

* When humans or animals are placed in compressed air, the blood passing through lungs takes up an amount of gas in simple solution. This amount increases in proportion to the increase in partial pressure of each gas present in the alveolar air.

:* As regards to oxygen, the amount in simple solution in arterial blood will increase, but as soon as blood reaches body tissues, the extra dissolved oxygen will be used up so that venous blood will exhibit slight increase in partial pressure of oxygen.

:* As regards to carbon dioxide, the experiments of Haldane and Greenwood showed that partial pressure of CO₂ in the alveolar air remains constant with the rise of atmospheric pressure, hence, there can be no increase in CO₂ in blood during exposure to compressed air.

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Although Haldane's model remains the basis for [[Decompression practice|modern decompression tables]], Haldane's first decompression tables proved to be far from ideal. Haldane's equation is used by many dive tables and dive computers today, even though, a growing number of decompression models contradict its assumptions such as the

::* Asymmetry of saturation phenomena of inert gases (uptake and elimination),

::* Desaturation according to Hempleman's memorandum and those of Thalmann, taking into account circulating bubbles, VPM, [[Reduced gradient bubble model|Reduced gradient bubble model]], ...)

{{clear}}

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File:Haldane's_Decompression_table-I_in_ft_and_psi.jpg| page 442, Decompression table-I in ft and psi. "'''Stoppages during the ascent of a diver after ordinary limits of time from surface'''."

File:Haldane's_Decompression_table-II_in_ft_and_psi.jpg | page 443, Decompression table-II in ft and psi. "'''Stoppages during the ascent of a diver after delay beyond the ordinary limits of time from surface'''."

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