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The '''1998 East Java ninja scare''' was an outbreak of [[mass hysteria]] in [[East Java]], [[Indonesia]], in which the local population believed they were being targeted by sorcerers known as ninja, who were blamed for mysterious killings of religious leaders by assassins dressed in black. As many as 150-300 “sorcerers” were killed between February and October, with the most deaths occurring between August and September.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/20/world/fears-of-sorcerers-spur-killings-in-java.html|title=Fears of Sorcerers Spur Killings in Java|first=Nicholas D.|last=Kristof|date=20 October 1998|publisher=|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref>
==Background==
According to Jason Brown, Banyuwangi is a centre of black magic in Indonesia. Black magic practiced in Banyuwangi is a mix of animist beliefs and Islamic mysticism which developed from inter-religious conflict during the 16th century Mataram court period. Belief in black magic, or dukun santet, is widespread in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insideindonesia.org/the-banyuwangi-murders|title=The Banyuwangi murders - Inside Indonesia|website=insideindonesia.org}}</ref>
==Events==
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===Local press reports===
On 1 October 1998, the Surabaya Post reported “a rumour about the existence of attacks by ninja-like squads” that were targeting “community leaders as well as [[ulama]]. As a result, the residents near Islamic boarding schools undertake tight guards around the houses of ulamas who have become targets.” On 4 October 1998, the Jawa Pos reported that “prayer teachers are in the sights of groups of dozens of killers who wear all-black clothes and masks like ninjas.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newmandala.org/hunting-killing-ninjas-indonesia/|title=Hunting and killing ninjas in Indonesia - New Mandala|date=3 May 2016|website=newmandala.org}}</ref>
===Casualties===
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