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==Code-rate and the tradeoff between reliability and data rate==
The fundamental principle of ECC is to add redundant bits in order to help the decoder to find out the true message that was encoded by the transmitter. The code-rate of a given ECC system is defined as the rate between the number of information bits and the total number of bits (i.e. information plus redundancy bits) in a given communication package. The code-rate is hence a real number. A low code-rate close to zero implies a strong code that uses many redundant bits to achieve a good performance, while a large code-rate close to 1 implies a weak code.
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The most popular codes ECCs have a trade performance and computational complexity. Usually their parameters give a range of possible code rates, which can be optimized depending of the scenario. Usually, this optimization is done in order to achieve a low decoding error probability without hurting too much the data rate. Another criteria for optimizing the code rate is to balance low error rate and retransmissions number in order to the energy cost of the communication<ref>
{{Cite conference | title= Optimizing the code rate for achieving energy-efficient wireless communications| first1 = Fernando | last1 = Rosas| first2 = Glauber | last2 = Brante| first3 = Richard Demo | last3 = Souza| first4 = Christian | last4 = Oberli| url = http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6952166/| year= 2014| booktitle=Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)}}</ref>.
==Concatenated ECC codes for improved performance==
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