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</ref> [[spreadsheet]]s,<ref name="encyclopedia"/> scripting languages (particularly in an office suite or art application), [[Visual programming language|visual programming]], trigger-action programming and [[programming by example]].
The most popular EUD tool is the [[spreadsheet]].<ref name="encyclopedia">{{cite web|url=http://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/end-user_development.html|author=Margaret M. Burnett and Christopher Scaffidi|title=End-User Development|publisher=Interaction-Design.org}} at "Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction".</ref><ref name="Empowering Users">{{cite web|url=http://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2009/08/empowering-users-to-create-their-own-software.php|title=Empowering Users to Create Their Own Software|first=Peter |last=Hornsby |date=2009-08-03 |accessdate=2014-01-31 |website=UXmatters}}</ref> Due to their unrestricted nature, spreadsheets allow relatively un-sophisticated computer users to write programs that represent complex data models, while shielding them from the need to learn lower-level programming languages.<ref>{{cite book |last=Abraham |first=R. |last2=Burnett |first2=M |last3=Erwig |first3=M |year=2009 |chapter=Spreadsheet programming |title=Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering |pages=1–10}}</ref> Because of their common use in business, spreadsheet skills are among the most beneficial skills for a graduate employee to have, and are therefore the most commonly sought after<ref>Kruck, S. & Sheetz, S., 2001. [http://www.pucrs.br/ciencias/viali/tic_literatura/artigos/planilhas/KRUCK-SHEETZ_SpreadsheetAccTheory.pdf Spreadsheet accuracy theory]. Journal of Information Systems Education.</ref> In the United States of America alone, there are an estimated 13 million end-user developers programming with spreadsheets<ref>Scaffidi, C., Shaw, M. & Myers, B., 2005. [http://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~cscaffid/papers/eu_20050923_vlhcc.pdf Estimating the Numbers of End Users and End User Programmers]. 2005 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC’05), pp.207–214.</ref>
The [[programming by example]] (''PbE'') approach reduces the need for the user to learn the abstractions of a classic programming language. The user instead introduces some examples of the desired results or operations that should be performed on the data, and the PbE system infers some abstractions corresponding to a program that produces this output, which the user can refine. New data may then be introduced to the automatically created program, and the user can correct any mistakes made by the program in order to improve its definition. [[Low-code development platforms]] are also an approach to EUD.
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Press, Apr. 1998.
</ref> which can be described with programming paradigms such as [[programming by demonstration]], [[Programming by example|programming with
examples]], [[visual programming]], or [[Macro (computer science)|macro]] generation.<ref>Maria Francesca Costabile, Daniela Fogli, Piero Mussio, Antonio Piccinno. ''[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Antonio_Piccinno/publication/226690375_End-User_Development_The_Software_Shaping_Workshop_Approach/links/0912f508eb00c77988000000.pdf End-user development: the software shaping workshop approach]''. In Lieberman, H., Paternò, F., Wulf, V. (Eds) (2004) End User Development - Empowering People to Flexibly Employ Advanced Information and Communication Technology, © 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.</ref> They can also be parameters that choose between alternative predefined behaviors of an application.<ref>Costabile, M.F., Fogli, D., Letondal, C., Mussio, P., Piccinno, A., [https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01299738/document Domain -Expert Users and their Needs of Software Development]", UAHCI Conference, Crete, June 22–27, 2003, 232-236.</ref> Other artifacts of end-user development may also refer to the creation of user-generated content such as annotations, which may be or not computationally interpretable (i.e. can be processed by associated automated functions).'''<ref>Gerhard Fischer ''[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.419.7930&rep=rep1&type=pdf End-User Development and Meta-Design: Foundations for Cultures of Participation]''. End-User Development Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009, Volume 5435/2009, 3-14,</ref>'''
==Examples==
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