Content deleted Content added
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
spelling, typography, narrow>broad phonetic transcription, unsourced info removed Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
Line 3:
The term '''irregularities or exceptions in Interlingua''' refers to deviations from the logical rules in a few grammatical constructions in the [[international auxiliary language]] [[Interlingua]]. These oddities are a part of the standard grammar. These special cases have crept into the language as a result of the effort to keep it naturalistic. Most of these irregularities also exist in Interlingua's source languages; [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], and to a lesser extent [[German language|German]] and [[Russian language|Russian]]. This feature of the language makes Interlingua more familiar to the speakers of source languages. And at the same time, it makes the language more difficult for others.
The speakers of the source languages don't perceive all deviations as irregular. For instance, Interlingua has three different words for English ''am'' (''so''), ''is'' (''es'') and ''are'' (''son''). While most English speakers will not find any thing abnormal about it, speakers of a few other languages may find the use of three words to express the concept of 'simple present' as unnecessary.
Interlingua is notable in the sense that unlike most auxiliary languages, that seek to minimise or eliminate any irregular aspects, Interlingua takes a flexible approach. It is mandatory to use certain exceptions in Interlingua while others have been kept optional.
Line 10:
===Pronunciation===
Interlingua doesn't have a 'one letter one sound' orthography. As in English, several letters can be pronounced in different ways; depending on where they are in a word. For instance, the letter '''C''' can be pronounced as either [k] (''canto'') or [ts] (''cento''). Here is a list of other mandatory exceptions in pronunciation:
{| class="wikitable"
Line 20:
|-
| c
|
|
| ''camera'', ''crear'' <br> ''acido'', ''Cinderella''
|-
| ch
|
| like
| ''cholera'', ''chrome'', ''echo'' <br> chic <br> ''machine'', ''chef''
|-
| h
|
|
|
|-
| rh
|
|
| rhetorica, rheumatic
|-
| sh
|
|
| Shakespeare
|-
| th
|
| always pronounced like
| ''theatro
|-
| ph
|
| always pronounced like
| ''photographia'', ''photosynthese''
|-
| t
|
| pronounced as
| ''tourista
|-
| u
|
|
| ''luna'', ''plural'' <br>
|-
| y
|
|
| ''Yugoslavia'', ''yoga
|}
Besides, there are also unassimilated loan words that retain their original pronunciation and spelling
===Contractions===
Line 82:
! Example
|-
| ''de'' (of) + ''le'' (the)
| ''del
| ''del matre'' (of the mother)
|-
| ''a'' (to) + ''le'' (the)
| ''al''
| ''al luna'' (to the moon)
|}
Line 103:
| ends in a consonant other than ''c''
| ''-es''
| ''conversation'' - ''conversationes'' <br> ''pais'' - ''paises''
|-
| ends in ''c''
| ''-hes''
| ''roc'' - ''roches'' <br> ''choc'' - ''choches''
|-
| ends in a vowel
| ''-s''
| ''radio'' - ''radios'' <br> ''academia'' - ''academias''
|}
Line 125:
|-
| 10
| ''unanta''
| ''dece''
|-
| 20
| ''duoanta''
| ''vinti''
|-
| 30
| ''tresanta''
| ''trenta''
|-
| 40
| ''quatranta''
| ''quaranta''
|-
| 13
| ''tresdece''
| ''tredece''
|-
| 14
| ''quatrodece''
| ''quattuordece''
|-
| 15
| ''cinquedece''
| ''quindece''
|-
| 16
| ''sexdece''
| ''sedece''
|}
Line 160:
* Not all adverbs are derived from adjectives.
* If an adjective ends with -c, an adverb derived from it takes
* ''Sia'' is the imperative form of ''esser'' ('to be'): ''Sia contente!'' 'Be content!'
Line 172:
====Optional short forms====
*
*
*
====Alternative forms of ''esser''====
:''Note. These forms are rarely used.''
*
*
*
*
*
===Comparative and superlative adjectives===
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
==References==
| |||