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===Mandarin===
In Mandarin[[Standard Chinese]], there are many sentence-final particles that are used into formalexpress asvarious well[[linguistic as colloquial speechmodality|modalities]]. Some commonAll examplesof them are shownunstressed belowand, unlike most syllables in the language, do not carry [[tone (linguistics)|tone]].<ref>{{cite book
| given1 = Charles N. | surname1 = Li
| given2 = Sandra A. | surname2 = Thompson | author-link = Sandra Thompson (linguist)
| title = Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar
| ___location = Berkeley | publisher = University of California Press | year = 1981
| isbn = 978-0-520-06610-6
| pages = 238–318
}}</ref>
* ''le'' (了): expressing the currently state
{| class="wikitable"
|* ''ne'' (呢): question particle for subjects already mentioned ▼|-
* ''ba'' (吧): soliciting approval, polite suggestion
! Symbol
* ''ou'' (哦): friendly warning
! Pinyin
* ''a'' (啊) or ''ya'' (呀): softening a question. The combination ''le a'' may be contracted as ''la'' (啦).
! English Meaning
* ''ma'' (嗎/吗): forming a [[tag question]]
|-
| 了
| le
| modal particle intensifying preceding clause / completed action marker
|-
| 呢
| ne
▲| question particle for subjects already mentioned
|-
| 吧
| ba
| modal particle indicating polite suggestion / ...right? / ...OK?
|-
| 哦
| ó
| oh
|-
| 啊
| a
| modal particle ending sentence, showing affirmation, approval, or consent
|-
| 啦
| la
| sentence-final particle, contraction of "了啊" / follows after each item in a list of examples
|-
| 呀
| ya
| "softening" particle used in questions; may also be used like 啊 after a vowel, expressing surprise or doubt
|-
| 嗎/吗
| ma
| question tag / not for open-ended questions
|}
===Japanese===
| 