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=== ''C. sativa'' subsp. ''indica'' ===
Accepted classification:
*''C. sativa'' L subsp. ''indica'' (Lam.) E. Small & A. Cronquist (1976)<ref>Small, E., and A. Cronquist. 1976. A practical and natural taxonomy for ''Cannabis''. ''Taxon'' 25: 405–435.</ref>
Synonyms:
*''C. indica'' Lam.
'''''Cannabis[[Image:indica_leaf.jpg|thumb|right|Broad indica''leafed Lam.'''"Indica"]]This (sometimessubspecies classifiedincludes types of ''Cannabis'' sativahaving spp.poor indica'')fiber isquality, abut putativetraditionally speciescultivated ofin ''Cannabis''[[India]], although[[Afghanistan]], notand all[[Pakistan]] botanistsfor agreethe thatproduction itof should[[hashish]], beand treatedwhich asmay separatehave frommay have originated in the [[Cannabis sativaHindu-Kush]] L.<ref>Small,mountain Erange., and A.Due Cronquist.to 1976.the Aoften practicalharsh and naturalvariable taxonomy(extremely forcold ''Cannabis''.winters, ''Taxon''and 25:warm 405–435.</ref><ref>[[Gregsummers) Green]].climate 2005.of ''Thethose Cannabisregions, Breeder’s Bible''C. indica''Green Candyis Press'' 15well-17</ref>suited for Schultescultivation describedin ''Ctemperate climates. indica'' asPlants of this type are relatively short, conical, and densely branched, whereashaving characteristcally wide leaflets, and tend to produce a lower ratio of THC to [[cannabidiol |CBD]] than drug types of ''C. sativa'' wassubsp. described''sativa.'' as tall and laxly branched.<ref>Schultes, R. E., et. al. 1974. ''Cannabis'': an example of taxonomic neglect. ''Harvard University Botanical Museum Leaflets'' 23: 337–367.</ref> According to Anderson, ''C. indica'' has short, broad leaflets whereas those of ''C. sativa'' are relatively long and narrow.<ref>Anderson, L. C. 1980. Leaf variation among ''Cannabis'' species from a controlled garden. ''Harvard University Botanical Museum Leaflets'' 28: 61–69.</ref> <ref>Hillig, K. W., and P. G. Mahlberg. 2004. A chemotaxonomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in ''Cannabis indica'' plants(Cannabaceae). conforming to Schultes's'American andJournal Andersonof Botany''s descriptions91: may966-975.</ref> Most commercially available cultivars of this type have originatedbeen selected for low levels of CBD (which is not psychoactive), with some users reporting more of a "stoned" and less of a "high" effect from the"indica" [[Hindu-Kush]]compared mountainto range"sativa". DueDifferences toin the oftenterpenoid harshcontent andof variablethe (extremelyessential coldoil wintersmay account for some of these differences in effect.<ref>McPartland J. M., and warmE. summers)B. climateRusso. 2001. Cannabis and Cannabis extracts: greater than the sum of thosetheir parts? Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics 1(3/4) 103-132.</ref><ref># Hillig, K. W. 2004. A chemotaxonomic analysis of terpenoid variation in ''CCannabis''. indica ''Biochemical isSystematics well-suitedand forEcology'' cultivation32: in temperate climates875-891.</ref>
[[Image:indica_leaf.jpg|thumb|left|Broad leafed "Indica"]]
AIt has often been proposed that this type be recognized as a distinct species, ''C. indica''. Most recently, on the basis of recent genetic analysis , it has been proposed includedthat both the narrow-leaflet and wide-leaflet drug "biotypes" under ''C. indica'', as well as southern and eastern Asian hemp (fiber/seed) landraces and wild Himalayan populations , be recognized as a distinct species, ''C. indica''.<ref>Hillig, K. W. 2005. Genetic evidence for speciation in ''Cannabis'' (Cannabaceae). ''Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution'' 52: 161-180.</ref> ▼Wide-leafed ''Cannabis indica'' plants in India, Afghanistan and Pakistan are traditionally cultivated for the production of hashish. Pharmacologically, the wide-leafed "indica" landraces tend to have a higher [[cannabidiol]] (CBD) content than "sativa" drug strains.<ref>Hillig, K. W., and P. G. Mahlberg. 2004. A chemotaxonomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in ''Cannabis'' (Cannabaceae). ''American Journal of Botany'' 91: 966-975.</ref> Most commercially available "indica" strains have been selected for low levels of CBD (which is not psychoactive), with some users reporting more of a "stoned" and less of a "high" effect from "indica" compared to "sativa". Differences in the terpenoid content of the essential oil may account for some of these differences in effect.<ref>McPartland J. M., and E. B. Russo. 2001. ''Cannabis'' and ''Cannabis'' extracts: greater than the sum of their parts? ''Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics'' 1(3/4) 103-132.</ref><ref># Hillig, K. W. 2004. A chemotaxonomic analysis of terpenoid variation in ''Cannabis''. ''Biochemical Systematics and Ecology'' 32: 875-891.</ref> Common "indica" strains for recreational use are '[[White widow (cannabis)|White Widow]]' and [[Northern Lights (strain)|'Northern Lights']].
▲A recent genetic analysis included both the narrow-leaflet and wide-leaflet drug "biotypes" under ''C. indica'', as well as southern and eastern Asian hemp (fiber/seed) landraces and wild Himalayan populations.<ref>Hillig, K. W. 2005. Genetic evidence for speciation in ''Cannabis'' (Cannabaceae). ''Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution'' 52: 161-180.</ref>
=== ''C. rasta'' ===
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