Beatification and canonization process prior to 1983: Difference between revisions

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The process of [[beatification]] and [[canonization]] has undergone various reforms in the history of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. For current practice, as well as a discussion of similar processes in other churches, see the article on [[canonization]]. This article describes the process as it was in 1914, before the promulgation of the ''[[Code of Canon Law|Codex Iuris Canonici]]'' (''Code of Canon Law'') of 1983.

The causes of [[martyr|martyrs]]s were considered somewhat differently from those of [[confessor|confessors]]s, for some points of the process.

Till later the Second Vatican Council, the conclusive act of the [[Canon law#Catholic Church|canon practice and procedure]] of canonization,<ref name="Saint Claire of Assisi">{{cite web | url = https://www.franciscantradition.org/clare-of-assisi-early-documents/78-the-acts-of-the-process-of-canonization-1253 | title = Saint Clare of Assisi: The Pontifical Bulla "Gloriosus Deus", first Act of the Process of Canonization | language = lt, en | access-date = Aug 28, 2018 | archive-url = | archive-date = | deadurl = no}}</ref>, were:<ref name="Catholic Encyclopedia" />:

# the [[Papal bull|Pontifical Bull]] of Canonization,<ref name ="Mira circa nos">{{cite web | author1 = pope Gregorius IS | url = http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Greg09/g9mira.htm | title = Translation of the Bulla "Mira circa nos" | language = en | year = 1228 | website = papalencyclicals.net| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180828173411/https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=5431 | archive-date = Aug 28, 2018 | deadurl = no}}</ref><ref name= "saint Thomas of Canterbury">{{cite web | url = https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:534ef22f-70e0-466d-83dc-2b7447ccce85 | title = Pope Alexander Bull of Canonization in honour of Thomas Beckett | page = 1 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160114212829/https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:534ef22f-70e0-466d-83dc-2b7447ccce85 | archive-date = Jan 24, 2016 | deadurl = no}}</ref><ref name="Joan of Arc">{{cite web | url = https://www.jehannedarc.org/french.html | title = Officil pronunciation of Pope Pius XI, before Solemn Canonization in the Vatican Basilica| language = fr | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180828174104/https://www.jehannedarc.org/french.html | archive-date = Aug 28, 2018 | deadurl = no}}</ref>,

# the [[Pontifical High Mass#Differences from ordinary Solemn Mass|Pontifical High Mass]] of Canonization (Beatification) celebrated in the [[Vatican Basilica]], during which the Pope officially proclaimed the martyr or the confessor to be Saint for the whole Catholic Church.<ref name="Catholic Encyclopedia">{{cite web | url = http://home.newadvent.org/cathen/02364b.htm | title = Lemma "Beatification and Canonization", in the Catholic Encyclopedia | language = en | year = | website = newadvent.org | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921122600/http://home.newadvent.org/cathen/02364b.htm | archive-date = Sep 21, 2017 | deadurl = no}}</ref><ref name="Joan of Arc" />.

The Saint shall [[Consecration#Christianity| Church Consecrated]] with his name, or be prayed as the [[intercession of saints|intercessor]] during a [[Votive Mass#Rulings|Votive Mass]].<ref name="Catholic Encyclopedia" />.

==Beatification==

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#Selection of a vice-postulator by the postulator-general of the cause, to promote all the judicial inquiries necessary in places outside of Rome. Such inquiries were instituted by the local [[bishop|episcopal]] authority.

# The preparation of the inquiries (''processus'') all of which were carried on by the ordinary episcopal authority. They were of three kinds: (a) Informative inquiries regarded the reputation for sanctity and [[miracle|miracles]]s of the servants of God, not only in general, but also in particular instances; there might be several such inquiries if the witnesses to be examined belonged to different [[diocese|dioceses]]s. (b) Processes ''de non cultu'' were instituted to prove that the decrees of [[Pope Urban VIII]] regarding the prohibition of public veneration of servants of God before their beatification had been obeyed; they were generally conducted by the bishop of the place where the [[relic|relics]]s of the [[servant of God]] were preserved. (c) Other inquiries were known as "''processiculi diligentiarum''" and had for their object the writings attributed to the person whose beatification was in question; they varied in number according to the [[diocese|dioceses]]s where such writings were found, or were thought likely to be found, and might not be judicially executed before an "instruction" was obtained from the Promotor of the Faith by the Postulator General and by him sent to the [[bishop]] in question.

# The results of all these inquiries were sent to Rome, to the [[Congregation of Rites]], in charge of a messenger (''portitor'') chosen by the judges, or by some other secure way, in case a rescript of the Congregation dispensed from the obligation of sending a messenger.

# They were opened, translated if necessary into [[Italian (language)|Italian]], a public copy was made, and a [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] was deputed by the [[Pope]] as relator (''ponens'') of the cause, for all which steps rescripts of the Congregation, confirmed by the [[Pope]], must be obtained.

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===Of Martyrs===

# The causes of [[martyr|martyrs]]s were conducted in the same way as those of confessors as far as the informative processes and those ''de non cultu'' and ''ad introductionem causae'' were concerned. But when once the commission of introduction had been appointed they advance much more rapidly.

# No remissorial letters were granted for Apostolic processes concerning the general reputation for martyrdom and miracles; the letters sent called for an immediate investigation into the fact of martyrdom, its motive, and the particular miracles alleged. There was no longer a discussion of the general reputation for martyrdom or miracles.

# The miracles were not discussed, as formerly, in separate meetings, but in the same meetings that dealt with the fact and the motive of the martyrdom.

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{{Catholic}}

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Historical Process Of Beatification And Canonization}}