The mental state of the mother during pregnancy is able to affect the foetus in utero, predominantly via hormones and genetics.{{Citationneeded|reason=hidden behind a password, no idea what this citation refers to|date=September 2018}}<ref name=":2">{{CitationCite neededjournal|reasonlast=hiddenSuter|first=M. behindA.|last2=Anders|first2=A. M.|last3=Aagaard|first3=K. M.|date=2012-11-08|title=Maternal smoking as a password,model nofor ideaenvironmental whatepigenetic thischanges citationaffecting refersbirthweight to|date=Septemberand 2018}}{{Citefetal webprogramming|url=https://academic-.oup-.com.ezproxy.is.ed.ac.uk/molehr/article/19/1/1/1034162|titlejournal=EASEMolecular Human Reproduction|websitelanguage=academic-oup-comen|volume=19|issue=1|pages=1–6|doi=10.ezproxy.is.ed.ac.uk1093/molehr/gas050|languageissn=en1360-9947|access-datepmc=2018-09-26PMC3521486|pmid=23139402}}</ref>The mother's mood including maternal prenatal anxiety, depression and stress during pregnancy correlates with altered outcomes for the child.<ref name=":2" /> Although, not every foetus exposed to these factors is affected in the same way to the same degree, therefore genetic and environmental factors are suspected to significantly influence.<ref name=":2" />
==== Depression ====
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=== Smoking ===
The negative consequences of smoking are well-known, although the consequences may be even more apparent during pregnancy.{{Citation needed|reason=hidden behind a password, no idea what this citation refers to|date=September 2018}}<ref name=":2" /> Exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy, commonly known as ''in utero'' maternal tobacco smoke exposure (MTSE), can contribute to the different response of babies of smoking mothers.<ref name=":2" /> About 20% of mothers smoke whilst pregnant and this is associated with increased risk of complications, for example preterm birth, decreased foetal growth leading to decreased birth weight, and impaired lung development of the baby whilst they develop in the womb.<ref name=":2" />
