Astrid Lindgren: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Astrid Lindgren 1924.jpg|right|caption|frame|Astrid Lindgren 1924]]

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'''Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren''' ({{Audio|sv-Astrid Lindgren.ogg|<small>'''listen to pronunciation'''}}</small>, née Ericsson, [[November 14]], [[1907]] &ndash; [[January 28]], [[2002]]) was a [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[Children's literature|children's book]] author, whose many titles were translated into 85 languages and published in more than 100 countries.

Astrid Lindgren grew up on a farm in [[Småland]] in Sweden and many of her books are based on her family and childhood memories. [[Pippi Longstocking]], her most famous character, however, was originally invented by her bed-ridden daughter, Karin.

In 1944 she won second prize in a competition held by the newly founded publishing house ''Rabén & Sjögren'' with her novel named ''Britt-Marie lättar sitt hjärta'' (''Britt-Marie unburdens her heart''). A year later she won first prize in the same competition with the children's book ''Pippi Långstrump'' ([[Pippi Longstocking]]), which has since become one of the most beloved children's books in the world. She had already sent Pippi Longstocking to the Bonniers publishing house but was rejected. While Lindgren almost immediately became a much appreciated writer, the irreverent attitude towards adult authority that is a distinguishing characteristic of many of her characters has occasionally drawn the ire of some conservatives.

The ladies' magazine ''Damernas Värld'' sent Lindgren to the USA in 1948 to write short essays. Upon arrival she is said to have been upset by the discrimination against African Americans. A few years later she published the book ''Kati in America'', a collection of short essays inspired by the trip.

In [[1976]] her [[marginal tax rate]] rose to 102 %. This was to be known as the "[[Pomperipossa in Monismania|Pomperipossa effect]]" from a story she published in [[Expressen]] [http://www.astrid-lindgren.com/astridlindgren/Ldates/1974-1976.htm] on March 3, 1976. The publication led to a stormy tax debate and in the parliamentary election later in the same year the social democrat government was overthrown for the first time in 40 years.

Astrid Lindgren was well known both for her support for children's and animal rights, and for her opposition to [[corporal punishment]]. In [[1993]], she received the [[Right Livelihood Award]] (also known as the ''Alternative Nobel Prize''), "...For her commitment to justice, non-violence and understanding of minorities as well as her love and caring for nature." In [[1958]], she became the second recipient of the [[Hans Christian Andersen Award]], an international award for youth literature. On her 90th birthday she was pronounced Swede of the Year by a radio show.

Astrid Lindgren died in 2002, at the age of 94. Following her death the government of Sweden instituted the [[Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award]] in her memory. The award is the world's largest monetary award for children's and youth literature, in the amount of five million [[Swedish krona|SEK]].

The name of the Swedish microsatellite [[Astrid (satellites)|Astrid 1]], launched on [[January 24]], [[1995]], was originally selected only as a common Swedish female name, but within a short time it was decided to name the instruments after characters in Astrid Lindgren's books: PIPPI (Prelude in Planetary Particle Imaging), EMIL (Electron Measurements - In-situ and Lightweight), and MIO (Miniature Imaging Optics). Astrid said that maybe people should call her Astreoid Lindgren instead.

The collection of Astrid Lindgren's original manuscriphts in ''Kungliga Biblioteket'', [[Stockholm]], was placed on [[UNESCO]]'s World heritage list in 2005.

== Bibliography ==

The best known books by Astrid Lindgren:

*The ''[[Pippi Longstocking]]'' series (''Pippi Långstrump'')

*''[[Karlsson-on-the-Roof]]'' (''Karlsson på taket'')

*''[[Emil of Maple Hills]]'' (''Emil i Lönneberga'')

*The ''[[Bill Bergson]]'' series (''Mästerdetektiven Blomkvist'')

*''Madicken''

*''[[Ronia the Robber's Daughter]]'' (''Ronja rövardotter'')

*''[[Tjorven]] på [[Saltkråkan]]''

*''[[The Six Bullerby Children]]'' / ''[[The Children of Noisy Village]]'' (''Barnen i Bullerbyn'')

*''[[Mio, my Mio]]'' (also known as ''Mio, my Son'') (''Mio, min Mio'')

*''[[The Brothers Lionheart]]'' (''Bröderna Lejonhjärta'')

An alphabetically sorted list of other books by Astrid Lindgren which have been translated into English:

* ''A Calf for Christmas''

* ''Brenda Helps Grandmother''

* ''Christmas in Noisy Village''

* ''Christmas in the Stable''

* ''Circus Child''

* ''Dirk Lives in Holland''

* ''Gerda Lives in Norway''

* ''Emil and the Bad Tooth''

* ''Emil and His Clever Pig''

* ''Emil Gets into Mischief ''

* ''Emil in the Soup Tureen''

* ''Emil's Little Sister''

* ''Emil's Pranks''

* ''Emil's Sticky Problem''

* ''Happy Times in Noisy Village''

* ''I Don't Want to Go to Bed''

* ''I Want a Brother or Sister''

* ''I Want to Go to School Too''

* ''Kati in America''

* ''Kati in Paris''

* ''Lotta''

* ''Lotta's Bike''

* ''Lotta's Christmas Surprise''

* ''Lotta's Easter Surprise''

* ''Lotta Leaves Home''

* ''Lotta on Troublemaker Street''

* ''Marko Lives in Yugoslavia''

* ''Mardie''

* ''Mardie to the Rescue''

* ''Matti Lives in Finland''

* ''Mirabelle''

* ''Mischievous Martens''

* ''Mischievous Meg''

* ''[[Most Beloved Sister]]''

* ''My Nightingale Is Singing''

* ''My Swedish Cousins''

* ''My Very Own Sister''

* ''Noriko-San,girl of Japan''

* ''Noy Lives in Thailand''

* ''Rasmus and the Vagabond'' (aka ''Rasmus and the Tramp'')

* ''Scrap and the Pirates''

* ''Seacrow Island''

* ''Sia lives on Kilimanjaro''

* ''Simon Small Moves in''

* ''That's My Baby''

* ''The Children of Noisy Village''

* ''The Children on Troublemaker Street''

* ''The Day Adam Got Mad''

* ''The Dragon With Red Eyes''

* ''The Ghost of Skinny Jack''

* ''The Mischievous Martens''

* ''The Runaway Sleigh Ride''

* ''The Tomten''

* ''The Tomten and the Fox''

* ''The World's Best Karlson''

== See also ==

*[[Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award]]

*[[List of Swedish language writers]]

== External links ==

{{Commons|Astrid Lindgren}}

*[http://www.sweden.se/templates/cs/BasicFactsheet____4402.aspx Astrid Lindgren biography] &mdash; Official gateway to Sweden

*[http://www.astridlindgren.se/ Astrid Lindgren's works] &mdash; Official site produced by license holders

* {{imdb name|id=0511807|name=Astrid Lindgren}}

*[http://www.astridlindgrensworld.com/ Astrid Lindgren's World] &mdash; Amusement Park official site

*[http://www.rightlivelihood.se/recip/lindgren.htm Astrid Lindgren] &mdash; Right Livelihood Award (1994)

*[http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/lindgren.htm Astrid Lindgren] &mdash; A fan site

*[http://www.astrid-lindgren.com/ Astrid Lindgren] &mdash; Unofficial memorial site

*[http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog?sc=1995-002B Astrid spacecraft description] &mdash; [[NASA]]'s National Space Science Data Center site

[[Category:1907 births|Lindgren, Astrid]]

[[Category:2002 deaths|Lindgren, Astrid]]

[[Category:Natives of Småland|Lindgren, Astrid]]

[[Category:Women writers|Lindgren, Astrid]]

[[Category:Astrid Lindgren|*]]

[[Category:Swedish children's writers|Lindgren, Astrid]]

[[Category:Fantasy writers|Lindgren, Astrid]]

[[Category:Swedish language writers|Lindgren, Astrid]]

[[Category:Recipients of the Right Livelihood Award|Lindgren, Astrid]]

[[Category:Winners of the Hans Christian Andersen Award|Lindgren]]

[[Category:Sommar hosts|Lindgren, Astrid]]

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