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During the 1960s, the punched card was gradually replaced as the primary means for data storage by magnetic tape, as better, more capable computers became available. Mohawk Data Sciences introduced a magnetic tape encoder in 1965, a system marketed as a keypunch replacement which was somewhat successful, but punched cards were still commonly used for data entry and programming until the mid-1980s when the combination of lower cost magnetic disk storage, and affordable interactive terminals on less expensive minicomputers made punched cards obsolete for this role as well.<ref>Aspray (ed.), W. (1990). Computing before Computers. Iowa State University Press. p. 151. {{ISBN|0-8138-0047-1}}.</ref> However, their influence lives on through many standard conventions and file formats.<ref>Lubar, Steven (1993). InfoCulture: The Smithsonian Book of Information Age Inventions. Houghton Mifflin. p. 302. {{ISBN|0-395-57042-5}}.</ref>
===Auto-Scheduling & Intelligent Rostering===
In the 2010s, the wide adoption of mobile devices and the rise of 3G, 4G, and 5G networks<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.emarketer.com/Article/eMarketer-Updates-Worldwide-Internet-Mobile-User-Figures/1015770|title=eMarketer Updates Worldwide Internet and Mobile User Figures - eMarketer|website=www.emarketer.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref> worldwide has made it possible to approach the task of scheduling differently. In the last decade, [https://www.capterra.com/employee-scheduling-software/ many software solutions have sprung up] to make the lives of business owners and managers easier and less burdensome.
The first wave of solutions helped small business owners to schedule, manage, and communicate with their employees in a more streamlined way. The newer way of solutions go a step further, leveraging machine learning and are being built on even newer cloud technologies. Platforms like Deputy<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deputy.com/|title=Deputy {{!}} Workforce management|website=Deputy|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref> and HotSchedules<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotschedules.com/|title=HotSchedules - Scheduling and Labor Management Software|website=HotSchedules|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref> are already releasing early versions of fully-automated one-click scheduling. Other companies such as WorkAxle<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://workaxle.com/|title=WorkAxle {{!}} Enterprise Workforce Management Made Easy|website=workaxle.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref> or Shyft<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myshyft.com/|title=Simple. Secure. Shift Swapping and Schedule Imports - Home - Shyft|website=www.myshyft.com|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref> decided to focus on a more hybrid intelligent rostering approach. The need for automation and intelligent rostering in workforce management will continue to grow as society's heads into a gig economy<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.naco.org/featured-resources/future-work-rise-gig-economy|title=The Future of Work: The Rise of the Gig Economy|website=NACo|language=en|access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref>.
== Complexity ==
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