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Characteristics of software-defined storage may include the following features:<ref name="hype">{{cite web |title=Software-defined storage: The reality beneath the hype |date= March 12, 2013 |author= Simon Robinson |work= Computer Weekly |url= http://www.computerweekly.com/opinion/Software-defined-storage-The-reality-beneath-the-hype |accessdate= November 7, 2013 }}</ref>
* Abstraction of logical storage services and capabilities from the underlying physical storage systems, and in some cases pooling across multiple different implementations. Since data movement is relatively expensive and slow compared to computation and services , pooling approaches sometimes suggest leaving it in place and creating a mapping layer to it that spans arrays. Examples include:
** [[Storage virtualization]], the generalized category of approaches and historic products. External-controller based arrays include storage virtualization to manage usage and access across the drives within their own pools. Other products exist independently to manage across arrays and/or server DAS storage.
** Virtual volumes (VVols), a proposal from [[VMware]] for a more transparent mapping between large volumes and the VM disk images within them, to allow better performance and data management optimizations. This does not reflect a new capability for virtual infrastructure administrators (who can already use, for example, NFS) but it does offer arrays using [[iSCSI]] or [[Fibre Channel]] a path to higher admin leverage for cross-array management apps written to the virtual infrastructure.
** Parallel [[Network File System|NFS]] (pNFS), a specific implementation which evolved within the NFS community but has expanded to many implementations.
** [[OpenStack]] and its Swift, [[Ceph (software)|Ceph]] and Cinder APIs for storage interaction, which have been applied{{by whom|date=August 2014}} to open-source projects as well as to vendor products.
** A number of Object Storage platforms are also examples of software-defined storage implementations examples of this are [[Scality]] RING and the open source swift project.
** Number of distributed storage solutions like
* Automation with policy-driven storage provisioning with [[service-level agreement]]s replacing technology details. This requires management interfaces that span traditional storage-array products, as a particular definition of separating "control plane" from "data plane", in the spirit of [[OpenFlow]]. Prior industry standardization efforts included the [[Storage Management Initiative – Specification]] (SMI-S) which began in 2000.
* Commodity hardware with storage logic abstracted into a software layer. This is also described{{by whom|date=August 2014}} as a [[clustered file system]] for [[converged storage]].
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