Associativity-based routing: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:00, 3 October 2018

Revision as of 03:42, 24 November 2018

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{{refimprove|date=September 2018}}

'''Associativity-based routing'''<ref>{{cite journal |first=Chai-Keong |last=Toh |title=Associativity-based routing for ad hoc mobile networks |journal=Wireless Personal Communications |date=March 1997 |pages=103–139 |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=YTwSsH4AAAAJ&citation_for_view=YTwSsH4AAAAJ:d1gkVwhDpl0C}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |title=A novel distributed routing protocol to support ad-hoc mobile computing |journal=Proc. of IEEE Fifteenth Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications |first=Chai-Keong |last=Toh |date=March 1996 |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=YTwSsH4AAAAJ&citation_for_view=YTwSsH4AAAAJ:2osOgNQ5qMEC}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite book |first=Chai-Keong |last=Toh |title=Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks |publisher=[[Prentice Hall]] |date=December 2001 |isbn=978-0-13-007817-9}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title="Long-lived ad-hoc routing based on the concept of Associativity, IETF Draft 1999" |url=https://www.ietf.org/proceedings/46/I-D/draft-ietf-manet-longlived-adhoc-routing-00.txt}}</ref> (commonly known as '''ABR''') is a mobile routing protocol invented for [[wireless ad hoc network]]s, also known as [[mobile ad hoc network]]s (MANETs) and [[wireless mesh network]]s. ABR was invented in 1993, filed for a [[U.S. patent]] in 1996, and granted the patent in 1999. ABR was invented by [[Chai Keong Toh]] while doing his Ph.D. at Cambridge University.

==Route discovery phase==

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==Practicality==

In 1998, ABR was successfully implemented<ref>{{citation |title="Mobile Computing Magazine Interview Article - First practical ad hoc wireless network implementation outdoors, 1999 |url=http://init.unizar.es/images/MobiCompMag1999.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title="Implementation and evaluation of an adaptive routing protocol for infrastructureless mobile networks, Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, 2000." |pages=20–27|chapter-url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/885465/|doi=10.1109/ICCCN.2000.885465|chapter=Implementation and evaluation of an adaptive routing protocol for infrastructureless mobile networks|year=2000|last1=Toh|first1=C.-K.|last2=Lin|first2=G.|last3=Delwar|first3=M.|isbn=978-0-7803-6494-3}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title="Evaluating the communication performance of an ad hoc wireless network, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2000" |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=YTwSsH4AAAAJ&citation_for_view=YTwSsH4AAAAJ:WF5omc3nYNoC}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title="Experimenting with an Ad Hoc wireless network, ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, Volume 28 Issue 3, Dec. 2000" |journal=ACM Sigmetrics Performance Evaluation Review|volume=28|issue=3|pages=21–29|url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=377622|doi=10.1145/377616.377622|year=2000|last1=Toh|first1=C.-K.|last2=Chen|first2=Richard|last3=Delwar|first3=Minar|last4=Allen|first4=Donald}}</ref> into the Linux kernel, in various different branded laptops (IBM Thinkpad, COMPAQ, Toshiba, etc.) that are equipped with [[WaveLAN]] 802.11a PCMCIA wireless adapters. A working 6-node wide [[wireless ad hoc network]] spanning a distance of over 600 meters was achieved and the successful event was published in Mobile Computing Magazine in 1999. Various tests were performed with the network:

# Transmission of up to 500MBytes of data from source to destination over 3-hop route.

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# Route Delete

# Web Server in Ad Hoc mode – with source being client and destination being the web server

# Transmission of multimedia information (audio<ref>{{citation |title="Transporting Audio over Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, Proc. International Conference on Personal, Indoor And Mobile Radio Communications, Pimrc, 2003, v. 1, p. 772-777" |url=https://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/46490/1/92280.pdf?accept=1}}</ref> and video)

# [[TELNET]] over Ad Hoc

# [[FTP]] over Ad Hoc

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# Impact of beaconing interval on throughput and remaining battery life

An enhanced version of the protocol has been implemented in the field<ref>{{cite journal |title=Next-Generation Tactical Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks |workjournal=TRW Technology Review Journal |date=2004 |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LJotUZzeYZxHUg1F8YMm2zS5OdNKgguQ/view}}</ref> by defense contractor [[TRW Inc.]] in 2002. The enhancement made to the protocol include: (a) network-layer QoS additions and (b) route precedence capabilities.

==Patent and work extensions==

ABR was granted a US patent 5987011<ref>{{citation |title="A Routing Method for Ad Hoc Mobile Networks, US Patent 5987011, granted 1996, filed 1994. " |url=https://www.google.com/patents/US5987011}}</ref> and the assignee being [[King's College Cambridge]], UK.

A few other mobile ad hoc routing protocols have incorporated ABR's stability concept or have done extensions of the ABR protocol, including: