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== Headline text ==
'''Genetics''' (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''genno'' '''γεννώ'''= give birth) is the [[science]] of [[gene]]s, [[heredity]], and the [[variation]] of [[organism]]s. The word "genetics" was first suggested to describe the study of inheritance and the science of variation by the prominent [[United Kingdom|British]] scientist [[William Bateson]] in a personal letter to [[Adam Sedgwick]], dated [[April 18]], [[1905]]. Bateson first used the term "genetics" publicly at the Third International Conference on Genetics (London, England) in 1906.
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Population, quantitative and ecological genetics are all very closely related subfields and also build upon classical genetics (supplemented with modern molecular genetics). They are chiefly distinguished by a common theme of studying [[population]]s of organisms drawn from nature but differ somewhat in the choice of which aspect of the organism on which they focus. The foundational discipline is population genetics which studies the distribution of and change in [[allele frequency|allele frequencies]] of genes under the influence of the four evolutionary forces: [[natural selection]], [[genetic drift]], [[mutation]] and [[migration]]. It is the theory that attempts to explain such phenomena as [[adaptation (biology)|adaptation]] and [[speciation]].
Genes are used for cloning as well, such as Dolly the sheep, which was one attempt out of over 200 to clone animals. Will scientists ever be able to clone human beings?
The related subfield of quantitative genetics, which builds on population genetics, aims to predict the response to [[selection]] given data on the [[phenotype]] and relationships of individuals. A more recent development of quantitative genetics is the analysis of [[quantitative trait loci]]. Traits that are under the influence of a large number of genes are known as quantitative traits, and their mapping to a ___location on the [[chromosome]] requires accurate phenotypic, pedigree and marker data from a large number of related individuals.
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