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[[User:Nigrito|Nigrito]] ([[User talk:Nigrito|talk]]) 00:35, 21 January 2019 (UTC)!
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The '''common-network interface ring''' (CNI ring) provides [[common-channel signaling]] (CCS) functionality on several [[Alcatel-Lucent]] SS7 products. It was introduced by [[Western Electric]] in the early 1980s but is still used today in all [[1AESS]] and [[4ESS]],<ref>[http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5592466/description.html US Patent 5592466 – Network interconnect backup] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612192540/http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5592466/description.html |date=2011-06-12 }}</ref> offices, and most of the wireline [[5ESS]] offices.<ref>"Common channel signaling in the AT&T US 5ESS switch" Brown, R.B., Jr.; Holmes, C.V.; Lanoux, M.D.; Marciani, T.P. Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume 80, Issue 4, Apr 1992, pp. 618–627</ref>
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