Double-loop learning: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 21:01, 12 August 2018

Revision as of 12:01, 10 February 2019

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{{Quote|text=[A] thermostat that automatically turns on the heat whenever the temperature in a room drops below 68°F is a good example of single-loop learning. A thermostat that could ask, "why am I set to 68°F?" and then explore whether or not some other temperature might more economically achieve the goal of heating the room would be engaged in double-loop learning|author=[[Chris Argyris]] |source=''Teaching Smart People How To Learn''<ref name="c-argyris-learning"/>{{rp|99}}}}

Double-loop learning is used when it is necessary to change the mental model on which a decision depends. Unlike single loops, this model includes a shift in understanding, from simple and static to broader and more dynamic, such as taking into account the changes in the surroundings and the need for expression changes in mental models.<ref>{{cite book |author=Mildeova, S., Vojtko V. |title=Systémová dynamika |year=2003 |isbn=978-80-245-0626-25 |publisher=Oeconomica |___location=Prague |pages=19–24 |language=Czech}}</ref>

<gallery caption="Reference models I and II" widths="280px" heights="280px" align="center">

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''[[A Behavioral Theory of the Firm]]'' (1963) describes how organizations learn, using (what would now be described as) double-loop learning:

{{Quote|text=An organization ... changes its behavior in response to short-run feedback from the environment according to some fairly well-defined rules. It changes rules in response to longer-run feedback according to more general rules, and so on.|author=[[Richard Cyert]] and [[James G. March]]| source=''A Behavioural Theory of the Firm''<ref>{{cite book |author1=Cyert R.M. |author2=March J.G |title=''[[A Behavioral Theory of the Firm]] |year=1963 |publisher=Prentice-Hall |___location=New Jersey |pages=101–102|title-link=A Behavioral Theory of the Firm }}</ref><ref>Quote taken from p. 9 of ''The Blackwell Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management'' (2003) which describes this quote as "an early version of the distinction between single and double-loop learning." and refers to the 1963 edition.</ref>}}

== See also ==

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* {{cite book |last=Bassot |first=Barbara |date=2015 |chapter=Bringing assumptions to the surface |title=The reflective practice guide: an interdisciplinary approach to critical reflection |___location=Abingdon; New York |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=9781138784307 |oclc=898925915 |pages=79–92 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal |last1=Bochman |first1=David J. |last2=Kroth |first2=Michael |date=2010 |title=Immunity to transformational learning and change |journal=The Learning Organization: An International Journal |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=328–342 |doi=10.1108/09696471011043090 |url=http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ922552 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last1=Fraser |first1=J. Scott |last2=Solovey |first2=Andrew D. |date=2007 |title=Second-order change in psychotherapy: the golden thread that unifies effective treatments |___location=Washington, DC |publisher=[[American Psychological Association]] |isbn=1591474361978-1591474364 |oclc=65195322 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last1=Brockbank |first1=Anne |last2=McGill |first2=Ian |date=2012 |origyear=2006 |chapter=Single and double loop learning |title=Facilitating reflective learning: coaching, mentoring and supervision |edition=2nd |___location=London; Philadelphia |publisher=[[Kogan Page]] |isbn=9780749465070 |oclc=769289635 |pages=22–26 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Argyris |first=Chris |authorlink=Chris Argyris |editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=Ken G. |editor2-last=Hitt |editor2-first=Michael A. |date=2005 |chapter=Double-loop learning in organizations: a theory of action perspective |title=Great minds in management: the process of theory development |___location=Oxford; New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0199276811978-0199276813 |oclc=60418039 |pages=261–279 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal |last1=Blackman |first1=Deborah |last2=Connelly |first2=James |last3=Henderson |first3=Steven |date=January 2004 |title=Does double loop learning create reliable knowledge? |journal=The Learning Organization: An International Journal |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=11–27 |doi=10.1108/09696470410515706 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Deborah_Blackman/publication/233720311_The_Learning_Organization_Emerald_Article_Does_double_loop_learning_create_reliable_knowledge/links/0912f50ac33265e821000000.pdf233720311 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last1=Torbert |first1=William R. |last2=Cook-Greuter |first2=Susanne R. |last3=Fisher |first3=Dalmar |last4=Foldy |first4=Erica |last5=Gauthier |first5=Alain |last6=Keeley |first6=Jackie |last7=Rooke |first7=David |last8=Ross |first8=Sara Nora |last9=Royce |first9=Catherine |last10=Rudolph |first10=Jenny |date=2004 |title=Action inquiry: the secret of timely and transforming leadership |___location=San Francisco |publisher=Berrett-Koehler |isbn=157675264X978-1576752647 |oclc=53793296 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite web |last=Smith |first=Mark K. |date=2013 |origyear=2001 |title=Chris Argyris: theories of action, double-loop learning and organizational learning |url=http://www.infed.org/thinkers/argyris.htm |website=infed.org |accessdate=2016-03-19 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Nielsen |first=Richard P. |date=1996 |chapter=Double-loop, dialogue methods |title=The politics of ethics: methods for acting, learning, and sometimes fighting with others in addressing ethics problems in organizational life |___location=New York |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0195096657978-0195096651 |oclc=34517566 |pages=75–105 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Argyris |first=Chris |authorlink=Chris Argyris |date=1999 |origyear=1993 |title=On organizational learning |edition=2nd |___location=Oxford; Malden, MA |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Business]] |isbn=0631213082978-0631213086 |oclc=40460132 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal |last=Isaacs |first=William N. |date=September 1993 |title=Taking flight: dialogue, collective thinking, and organizational learning |journal=Organizational Dynamics |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=24–39 |doi=10.1016/0090-2616(93)90051-2 |url=http://wayra.nl/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Dialogue-Collective-Thinking-and-Org-Learning_WilliamIsaacs_MIT_1993.pdf |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last=Argyris |first=Chris |authorlink=Chris Argyris |date=1980 |title=Inner contradictions of rigorous research |series=Organizational and occupational psychology |___location=New York |publisher=[[Academic Press]] |isbn=0120601508978-0120601509 |oclc=6421943 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite book |last1=Argyris |first1=Chris |authorlink1=Chris Argyris |last2=Schön |first2=Donald A. |authorlink2=Donald Schön |year=1978 |title=Organizational learning: a theory of action perspective |___location=Reading, MA |publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]] |isbn=0201001748978-0201001747 |oclc=394956102 |ref=harv}}

* {{cite journal |last=Argyris |first=Chris |authorlink=Chris Argyris |date=September 1976 |title=Single-loop and double-loop models in research on decision making |journal=[[Administrative Science Quarterly]] |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=363–375 |doi=10.2307/2391848 |jstor=2391848 |urlref=http://harv|citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.463.4908&rep=rep1&type=pdf |ref=harv}}

[[Category:Learning methods]]